Chng 4: HE TUAN T

I. Gii thieu:
He tuan t la he ma ngo ra khong ch
phu thuoc vao cac ngo vao ma con phu
thuoc vao 1 so ngo ra c hoi tiep tr
thanh ngo vao thong qua phan t nh.
Ngo
Ngo ra
CON
vao
(OUTPUT
G
(INPUT)
)
LOGIC
PHAN T
NH

Phan t nh thng s dung la Flip_Flop.

He tuan t c chia thanh 2 loai:
- He tuan t ong bo
(Synchronous)
- He tuan t bat ong bo
(Asynchronous)
NguyenTrongLuat

ach Chot (Latch) va Flip-Flop (FF):

Latch (chot): la mach tuan t ma no
lien tuc xem xet cac ngo vao va lam
thay oi cac ngo ra bat c thi iem
nao khong phu thuoc vao xung clock.
Flip_Flop: la mach tuan t ma no
thng lay mau cac ngo vao va lam
thay oi cac ngo ra tai nhng thi
iem xac nh bi xung clock.

Cac mach chot va FF co 2 ngo ra Q

va Q. Hai ngo ra nay co gia tr logic
la bu cua nhau.

NguyenTrongLuat

1. Cac mach chot:

Bang hoat ong:

a. Chot SR:
co 2 loai
* Cong NOR:

R
(rese
t)

S
(set)

NguyenTrongLuat

Q+ Q+

0
Q Q
0
0
1
0
Cam
0
1
Q
s dung
1
0
0
Q+ la trang
thai ke tiep c
1
1 hieu:
Ky
Q

Bang hoat ong:

* Cong NAND:

S
S
(set)

R
(rese
t)

NguyenTrongLuat

Q+ Q+

Cam
1
0
s dung
1
0
0
0
Q
1 Q
1
1
0
1Ky hieu:
1
S

b. Chot SR co ngo vao cho phep:

S
(set)

C
(enabl
e)
R
(rese
Bang
t) hoat
C
S
0 RX
X
1
0
0
1
0
NguyenTrongLuat

Q
ong:
Q+ Q+
Q
Q
Q
0
1
1
0
1

Ky hieu chot SR co
cho phep tch
S

C
R

* Khao sat gian o xung:

S
R
C
Q
(Cho Q ban
au la 0)

Ky hieu chot SR co ngo vao cho phep tch

S

C
R

NguyenTrongLuat

C S R Q+ Q+
Q
1
X
Q
X
Q
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1

c. Chot D:
D
(set)

C
(enabl
e)

Ky hieu chot D:
D
C
NguyenTrongLuat

Q
Q

Bang hoat ong:

C

0
1X

Q+

Q+

Q
0

0
1

1
1

2. Flip_Flop (FF):
Trang thai ke tiep cua ngo ra FF se
thay oi theo ngo vao va trang thai trc
o cua ngo ra tai thi iem thay oi cua
xung clock (canh len hoac canh xuong)
X

CK

CK

Xung clock canh

Xung clock
xuong
canhac
len tnh va phng
* Bang
trnh ac tnh:
Bieu dien moi quan he cua ngo ra ke
tiep Q+ phu thuoc vao cac ngo vao va
* Bang
kch
thch:
trang
thai
ngo
ra hien tai Q.
Bieu dien gia tr cua cac ngo vao
can phai co khi ta can ngo ra chuyen t
trang thai hien tai Q sang trang thai ke
+
NguyenTrongLuat

a. Flip_Flop D (D-FF):
Bang hoat ong:
D
CK

Q
Q

CK

0, 1,
X
0

Q+

Khong thay o

0
1
1
0

D
CK

NguyenTrongLuat

Q
Q

CK

0, 1,
X
0
1

Q+

Q+

Q+

Khong thay o

0
1
1
0

* Khao sat gian o xung:

C
K
D
Q
(Cho Q ban
au la 0)

* Bang ac tnh va
* Bang kch
phng trnh ac tnh:
thch:
Q
D
D Q
Q+
0Q+
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
Q
=
0D =
0
NguyenTrongLuat
D
Q+

b. Flip_Flop T (T-FF):
Bang hoat ong:
T
CK

Q
Q

T
0

Q
Q

CK

* Bang ac tnh va
* Bang kch
phng trnh ac tnh:
1
thch:
T Q
Q+
Q
T
0
0
0Q+
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
+
Q0 = T
T0 = Q
Q+
NguyenTrongLuat Q

c. Flip_Flop SR (SR-FF):
* Bang hoat
ong:
S R
Q+
S

Q
CK
CK
0
0
1
0
R
Q
R
Q
X
1
1 pt ac tnh:
* Bang ac tnh va
0
S R
Q+
* Bang kch
1
0 Q0
0
thch:
1
0
1
Q
S
0
0
0
R X
Q+
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
Q+ = S +
0
1
X
X
0
1
RSQR = 0
1
X
1
1
0
0
NguyenTrongLuat

d. Flip_Flop JK (JK-FF):
* Bang hoat
ong:
J K
Q+
J
Q
J
Q
0
Q
CK
CK
0
0
1
0
K
Q
K
Q
Q
1
1 pt ac tnh:
* Bang ac tnh va
0
+
J K
Q
* Bang kch
1
0 Q0
0
thch:
1
0
1
Q
J
K
0
0
0
+
Q
0
0
X
1
0
1
X
0
0
1
1
0
1
X
1
0
0
1
1
X
0
1
+
Q = JQ +
1
0
1
1
0
KQ
0
NguyenTrongLuat
0

e. Cac ngo vao bat ong bo:

- Cac ngo vao nay se lam thay oi
gia tr ngo ra tc thi, bat chap xung
clock.
- Co 2 ngo vao vao bat ong bo: Preset

(Pr) va Clear (Cl).

+ Khi ngo vao Preset tch cc th ngo ra Q
+ Khi ngo vao Clear tch cc th ngo ra Q
J

Pr Q

CK
K Cl Q

Pr Q

CK
K Cl Q

+ Khi ngo vao Preset va Clear

khong tch cc th FF mi hoat
ong.
NguyenTrongLuat

. Bo em (COUNTER):
1. Gii thieu:
- Bo em la he tuan t co 1 ngo
vao xung clock va nhieu ngo ra. Ngo ra
cua bo em chnh la ngo ra cua cac
Flip-Flop
boem
em.
- Noicau
dungthanh
cua bo
tai 1 thi iem
goi la trang thai cua bo em. Khi co
xung clock vao bo em se chuyen trang
thai t 1 trang thai hien tai chuyen sang 1
- Gian
o
trang
trang
thai
ke
tiep.thai
C tiep tuc nh vay
cua
bora
em:
se tao
1 vong em khep kn.Q Q Q
2 1 0
Bieu dien cac
00
trang thai co trong
0
vong em va hng
11
- Modulo
cua
bocua
10
chuyen
trang
thai
0
em:
0
bo
em.
La so cac trang
01
01
thai khac nhau trong
0
1
vong em: m 2n
NguyenTrongLuat

- Bo em noi tiep (bo em bat

ong bo): la bo em ma ngo ra cua
FF trc se la ngo vao xung clock cho FF
sau.
- Bo em song song (bo em ong
bo): la bo em ma ngo vao xung clock
2. Bo
em
noi
tiep noi
(Asynchronous
Counter):
:
cua
cac
FF
c
chung
vi
nhau.
- Bo em noi tiep thc hien cac vong
em len hoac xuong:
+ em len (Count Up): noi dung bo
em tang them 1 khi co xung clock.
+ em xuong (Count Down): noi dung
bo
em
giam
i 1tao
khi t
cocac
xungFF
clock.
- Bo
em
c
em 2,
ghep noi tiep vi nhau.
1

CK
CK
NguyenTrongLuat

a. Bo em ay u (m = 2n):
* Ghep Cki+1 = Qi
Q1

Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB

C
CK
CK
CK
Q
Q
Q
K
Khao sat gian o
xung:
ay
la bo em len (Count Up
C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB

NguyenTrongLuat

Q1

Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB

CK

CK
1

CK
Q

CK
Q

la bo em xuong (Count
Khao sat gian o xung:
Down)
C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB
)NguyenTrongLuat

* Ghep Cki+1 = Qi
+ Bo em xuong (Count
Down):
Q0(LSB
Q1
1

CK

CK
1

Q2(MSB
)

CK
1

CK
1

+ Bo em len (Count Up):

Q1
Q0(LSB

Q2(MSB
)

C
CK
KNguyenTrongLuat

CK

CK

b. Bo em khong ay u (m 2n):
- Bo em khong ay u thc hien da
vao bo em ay u.
Ta can xac nh trang thai ke tiep khong
- Dung
trang
nay
ekhong
tao ra ay
tn hieu
mong
muon
cuathai
vong
em
u.
tac ong tch cc vao cac ngo vao bat
ong bo Preset hoac Clear e a bo em
tr ve trang thai ban au (thng gi la
Vd: S dung T-FF co xung clock canh xuong
trang thai reset).
va ngo vao Preset, Clear tch cc cao; thiet ke
bo em len co m = 5 va bt au t gia tr 0.
Q2 Q1
Ta gi Z la tn hiu reset b
Z
0 Q00
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
NguyenTrongLuat
1
0

0
0
0
0
0
1
X
X

Z Q 2Q

0
0 0

Q01

0
1

1 1
1
X 0
X

Z = Q2
Q

Q0(LSB

Q1

Q2(MSB

C
K

Pr Q

CkCl Q

Pr Q

Ck Cl Q

Khao sat gian o xung:

C
K
Q0

(LSB)

Q1
Q2

(MSB

NguyenTrongLuat

Pr Q

CkCl Q

Q2 Q1
clock canh xuong va ngo vao
0 Q01
Pr, Cl tch cc thap; thiet ke
0
bo em xuong co m = 5 va
0
0
bt au t gia tr 2.
1
Tn hiu reset:Z = Q2 (tch cc thap)
0
0
0
Q1
Q0(LSB
Q1
1
1 Q2(MSB
)

Pr

CK

CK
1

K Cl Q

Pr

CK
1

K Cl Q
1

NguyenTrongLuat

1 )
1
1
1 0
1 Pr 0
J
Q
1

CK
1

Cl

IC 74393: 2 bo em len y 4 bit

1QA
1
2

1CK
1CLR

1QB
1QC

3
4
5
6

(MSB)

1QD
2QA
13
12

2CK
2CLR

2QB
2QC
(MSB)

2QD
NguyenTrongLuat

1
1
10
9
8

CLR

CK

1
X
0 0,
1,
0

QD QC QB QA
0 0 0 0
NO CHANGE
COUNT UP

IC 7490: gom 2 bo em - bo em 2 va
bo em 5 (em len)
5

14
1

CKA

VCC

QA
QB

CKB

QC
2
3
6
7

(MSB)QD

1
2
11
9
8

Reset/Set INPUT
MR1 MR2 MS1
MS2

MR1

MR2

MS1

MS2
GND

NguyenTrongLuat

10

X
0
X

1
1
X
X
1

OUTPUT
Q D QC Q B QA
0

0 0
0
0 0 0
0
1 0 0
Counting
1

3. Bo em song song (Synchronous Counter): :

- La bo em ma cac FF eu s dung
chung nguon xung clock; khi co xung clock vao
th tat
cac
ngo
FF eu
oi.
- Khica
thiet
ke
bora
em,
chthay
quan
tam
en trang thai hien tai va trang thai ke
tiep cua FF, ma khong quan tam en dang
xung clock (canh len hoac canh xuong).
- Co the thiet ke bo em co vong em
Bang ham kch thch:
* D-FF:
D =
Q+
* T-FF:
T = Q
Q+
NguyenTrongLuat

* SR-FF * JK-FF
Q
0Q+
0
0
1
1

S
0
1
0
X

R
X
0
1
0

J
0
1
X
X

K
X
X
1
0

Cac bc thiet ke:

bieu bai toan xac nh so FF s dung va da
- Lap bang chuyen trang thai ch ro moi
quan he gia trang thai hien tai va trang
thai ke tiep (da vao day em).
T/t hien
T/t ke tiep
Cac
tai
Q+n-1 Q+1
ngo
Qn-1 Q1
vao FF
Q+ 0
Q0
0

0
- Tm cac gia tr ngo vao FF can phai co
t gia tr hien tai Qi va ke tiep Q+i cua
1 vao
1 bang kch thch cua FF).
tng
FF
(da
- Tm bieu
thc rut gon cua moi ngo vao
1
FF phu thuoc vao cac bien trang thai hien
tai.
hc hien s o logic.
NguyenTrongLuat

a. Bo em ay u (m = 2n):
Vd: S dung T-FF kch theo canh len,
thiet ke bo em co day em sau: Q2Q1Q0 :
010, 101, 110, 001, 000, 111, 100, 011, 010,
T/t
hien
0 tai
0
Q2 Q01
0 Q0
0

T/t ke
tiep
+
+
1Q 2 Q
1 1
Q+1
0

0
1
1

1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0T2
1

NguyenTrongLuat

0
0

=1 Q0

0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0

Cac
ngo
1 vao
1 1
0T2 0T1 1
1 T
1 1
0
0
1
0
1
0

0
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

T1 = Q0 +
Q2

T2 Q 2Q

0 0
0 0
1 1
1

1
1
1

1
0
1

0 0
0 0
1 1
1

1
1
1

1
0
1

Q0 1

1
T1 Q 2Q
Q0 1

T0 = 1

T2 = Q0

T1 = Q0 +
Q2
Q1

Q2(MSB)

T2

T1

C
K

CK2

Q
2

NguyenTrongLuat

T0 = 1

Q0(LSB

T0

CK1

Q
1

Q
0

CK0

Q
0

b. Bo em khong ay u (m < 2n):

Cac trang thai co trong vong em
se thiet ke nh bo em ay u; con
cac trang thai d khong co trong vong
* Cach 1: Cac trang thai d co trang
em se giai quyet theo 2 cach sau:
thai ke tiep la tuy nh. Khi thiet ke can
khi ong gia tr ban au cho bo em;
gia tr nay phai la 1 trong nhng trang
Vd: Thiet ke bo em
thai co trong vong em.
dung D-FF canh len, co
T/t
T/t ke
hien
tiep
ngo vao Pr va Cl tch
+
+
cc cao, co gian o
0 tai
0
1Q 2 Q
0 1
Q2 Q01
trang thai
Q2Qsau:
Q+0
1Q0
0
0 Q0
X
X
00
0
1
X
0
0
1
1
1
11
10
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
01
NguyenTrongLuat
0

01
1

1
0
0

0
D
2

0
D11
1

D0

D2 = Q2
Q0

D2 Pr Q

D1 = Q2
Q1
Q2(MSB)

Ck2Cl

Q
2

RS
NguyenTrongLuat

Q0(LSB

D1 Pr Q

D0 Pr Q

C
K

D0 = Q2
QQ1

Ck1Cl

Q
1

Ck0Cl

Q
0

vong em co trang thai ke tiep la 1

trong nhng trang thai co trong vong
Q2Q1Q0
em.
00
00
1
0
11
10
10
0
0
1
11
1
T/t
hien
0 tai
0
Q2 Q01
0 Q0
0
0
0

1
1
0
1
1

NguyenTrongLuat

T/t ke
tiep
+
+
1Q 2 Q
0 1
Q+0
0
1
1
0

1
0
1
0
1
0

01
0

01
1
Cac
ngo
1 vao
0 0
1T2 1T1 1
1 T
0 0
0
0
1
0
1
0

0
1
0
1
1

1
1
1
0
1

T2 = Q0 + Q2
Q1
T1 = Q2 (Q1
Q0)
T0 = Q0 + Q2
Q1

han tch- bo
T em
s osong
logicsong:
cua bo em xac nh
ham kch thch (bieu thc cua cac ngo
vao cua tng FF phu thuoc vao cac ngo
ra Qi) - Lap bang trang thai: t trang thai
hien tai Qi va gia tr ngo vao ta xac nh
c trang thai ke tiep cua FF Q+i.
- T bang chuyen trang thai xac
nh c gian o trang thai hoac khao
sat gian o xung cua bo em.
QC
QB
QA

JA

QA

CK

CK
1

KA

NguyenTrongLuat

JB

JC

QB

CK
QA

KB

QC

CK
QB

KC

QC

T/t hien Cac ngo vao

T/t ke
tai
JA KA JB KB JC KC
tiep
+
+
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
A
B
C
A
B
KA = 1
0
0 1
1 1 1 1
0 1Q+ 0
C
JB = QA QC
JA = QB QC

KB = Q A +
JC = QA
QC
KC = 1

0
0
1
1
1
1

0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
10
0
11
1
0
1
101

0
1
0
0
0
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

0
1
0
0
0
0

11
0

11
1

00
QA0QBQC

0
NguyenTrongLuat

01

0
1
1
1
1
1

01

00
1

1
1
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1

0
1
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0

1
0
0
0
0
0

IC 74193: bo em len/xuong
ong bo 4 bit
15

10
9

QA
QB

C
D

QC
(MSB)

11

LOAD

14

CLR

5
4

UP

2
6
7

QD

CO

DOWN BO

NguyenTrongLuat

1
3
1
2

CLR LOAD UP
DOWN
1
X
X
X
0
0
X
X
0
1
1
1
0
1
CO (Carry
Out)
1
0
1
1

MODE

RESET
(Asyn.)
PRESET
(Asyn.)
No change
COUNT UP
COUNT
= QDOWN
DQCQBQAUP

BO (Borrow Out) =
QDQCQBQADOWN

NguyenTrongLuat

IV. Thanh ghi dch (Shift Register):

Thanh ghi dch la he tuan t co kha
nang lu tr va dch chuyen d lieu.

NguyenTrongLuat

1. Thanh ghi dch nhap noi tiep - xuat noi ti

SERIN

Ck

CK

Ck

Ck

SEROUT

2. Thanh ghi dch nhap noi tiep xuat song s

1Q
SERIN

CK
NguyenTrongLuat

Ck

2Q
D

Ck

nQ
D

Ck

3. Thanh ghi dch nhap song song - xuat noi ti

SERI
N 1D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

2D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

nD
SHIFT /
LOAD CLOCK

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

Q
Q

SEROUT

38

4. Thanh ghi dch nhap song song - xuat song s

SERI
N 1D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

2D

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

nD
SHIFT /
LOAD CLOCK

X1 Y
X0
S

Ck

1Q

Q
Q

2Q

nQ

39

IC 74164: SIPO Thanh ghi dch ni tip

thanh song song
1

QA
QB
QC
QD

9
8

CLR
CLK

QE
QF
QG
QH

NguyenTrongLuat

3
4
5
6
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3

Inputs
CLR CLK A
0

Outputs
QB

B QA
X

0
0

X
1

0
X

QA0

1
1

QB0

QH0

1
1

QAn

QGn
0

QAn

QH

NguyenTrongLuat

IC 74165: PISO Thanh ghi dch song song

thanh ni tip
1
15
2
10
11
12
13
14
3
4
5
6

SH/LD
CLK INH
CLK
SER
A
B
C
D
E
F
QH
G
H
QH

NguyenTrongLuat

Inputs
SH/LD CLKINH CLK SER A
0
XH X
X

a h
1

X
1

X
1

QA0 QB0
QH0

X
71

Output
Q A QB
H
a Qb

QAn

QGn
0
QGn

QAn

NguyenTrongLuat

VI. Bo em thanh ghi dch (Shift Register Counter)

1. Bo em vong (Ring Counter):
Q2
Q
Q
1

D2 Pr Q

D1

Ck

C
K
RS

Q
2

C
K
Q2
Q1
Q0
NguyenTrongLuat

D0

Q
1

Ck Cl

Q
0

CkCl

Q
1

Q
0

Clock
1
2
3

Q2 Q1 Q0
1
0
0

0
1
0

0
0
1

2. Bo em vong xoan (Twisted-ring Counter):

bo em Johnson
Q2
Q
Q
1

D2

D1

C
K
RS

CkCl

C
K
Q2
Q1
Q0
NguyenTrongLuat

Q
2

D0

Ck Cl

CkCl

Q
1

Q
0

Clock Q2 Q1 Q0
1
2
3
4
5
6

0
1
1
1
0
0

0
0
1
1
1
0

0
0
0
1
1
1

VI. Phan tch He tuan t:

He tuan t c chia thanh 2 loai
tuy thuoc vao tnh chat cua ngo ra.
1. Kieu MEALY:
NGO VAO

HE TO HP

X1
X2

Z1
Z2

Xn

Zm

Q1
Q2

Qk

Q+1

D1

Q+2

D2

Q+k

Dk

Clock

NGO RA

i ke tiep = F (trang thai hien tai Qi va cac ng

ngo ra = G (trang thai hien tai Qi va cac ngo
NguyenTrongLuat

X
DA

QA

* P/trnh ngo ra:

CK

DB

CK

C
NguyenTrongLuat

QA

QB

QB

Z = X (QA +
Q B)

*
P/t
ngo
vao FF:
DA = X Q A +
X QB
DB = X Q A

Bang trang thai: Ngo

vao
Z = X (QA +
X
Q )
DAB = X QA + X
QB = Q+
A
Q+ B
DB = X Q=
A

T/t
hien
tai
0 0
QA QB
0 1
1 0
1 1
NguyenTrongLuat

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

T/t hien Ngo

tai
ra
QA QB
Z
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
Tt ke tiep
(Q+A Q+B)
X =000 X0=1 1
00
00
00

11
10
10

T/t ke
tiep
Q+A Q+B
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
1 0

Ngo ra
(Z)
X=0 X
=1
0
0
1
0
1
0

T/t
Tt ke tiep
Ngo ra
hien
(Q+A Q+B)
(Z)
tai
X=0 X
X
=
0
X
=
1
0 0
00
01
QA QB
=1
A 0 1
A 0 0B 1 1
0
0
BC 1 0
AA 0 0 DC 1 0
1
0
1
0
1 1
00
10
A thai
C
1
0
Gian Do trang
(state graph):
1/
1/
0/
X/Z 0/
0
0
0
=
0
A
0
0
0/
0/ 1
0
1
1
1/
0/
0/
0/
0/
0
1
1
1
1
C
1
1
1/
1/
1/
1/
0
1
0
0
0
0
NguyenTrongLuat

B
1/
0
D

2. Kieu MOORE:
HE TO HP
CHO NGO
VAO

HE TO HP
CHO NGO RA

X1
X2

Q+ 1

D1

Q1

Xn

Q+ 2

D2

Q2

Q+ k

Dk

Qk

Z1
Z2

Zm

Q1
Q2

Qk

Clock

i ke tiep = F (trang thai hien tai Qi va cac ngo

Gia tr ngo ra = G (trang thai hien tai Qi)
NguyenTrongLuat

X1
X2

C
K

Z= Q
J = X 1 X2

CK
K

Ngo TTH Ngo

vao
T
ra
X1 X2
Q
Z
0 0
1
0
0
0 0
1
1
0
0 1
1
0
0
0 1
1
1
0
1 0
NguyenTrongLuat

Z
Ngo
vao FF
J
K
1 1
1 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0

K = X 1 X2

TTK
T
Q+
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

TTHT
Q
0
1

01,
10

T/t ke tiep (Q+)

X1X2 = 0 0 0 1 1
0 11
1
0

0
0

0
0

X1X2 00,
11
=
0
1

1
0
00, 01,
10

NguyenTrongLuat

1
1

Ngo ra
(Z)
1
0

11

VII. Thit k He tuan t:

* Cac bc thiet ke:
- T phat bieu bai toan thanh lap
graph trang thai hoac bang chuyen trang
thai
- Rut gon trang thai
- Gan trang thai.
- Chon FF (D.FF, T.FF, JK.FF) va thiet ke
phan to hp e tao ra ngo ra va trang
thai ke (cong logic, ROM, PLA, PAL).

NguyenTrongLuat

1. Thanh lap graph trang thai hoac bang

chuyen trang thai:
V du: Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X
va 1 ngo ra Z. Ngo ra se la 1 neu ngo
vao nhan c chuoi vao lien tiep 101.

X = 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Z =
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
* Kieu MEALY:
TT
hien
tai
S0
S1
S2

NguyenTrongLuat

TT ke tiep

Ngo ra (Z)

X=0
S0
S2
S0

X=0
0
0
0

X=1
S1
S1
S1

X=1
0
0
1

V du: Mot he tuan t co 1 ngo vao X

va 1 ngo ra Z. Ngo ra se la 1 neu ngo
vao nhan c chuoi vao lien tiep 101.
X=

Z=
0
0
0 1 MOORE:
0
0 0
Kieu
TT
hien
tai
S0
S1
S2
S3
NguyenTrongLuat

0
0

1
0

TT ke tiep
X=0

X=1

S0
S2
S0
S2

S1
S1
S3
S1

0
0

0
0

Ngo ra
(Z)
0
0
0
1

1
0

1
1

0
0

2. Rut gon trang thai:

- Vi m trang thai ta s dung n FF: 2n-1
< m 2n
- Trang thai tng ng:
Hai trang thai tng ng la 2 trang
thai ma khi cung gia tr vao ma chung
co cac gia tr ra giong nhau va cac
trang thai ke tiep ma chung chuyen ti
tng ng nhau.
PS
A
B

NguyenTrongLuat

NS
X=0
X=1
C
D
C
D

OUTPUT
X=0
X=1
0
1
0
1

V du: Rut gon bang

trang thai sau
TTHT

TTKT
X=
0

X=
1S1

S0
S1S
3
S1
S3
S2
S5
S3
S0
S4
S0
S5
S0
S6 Bang
S0

S2S
4
S4
S6
S0
S0
S0
rut
S0

gon:

NguyenTrongLuat

Ngo ra
(Z)
X=
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

X=
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TTHT

S0
S1
S3

Ta c: S3 S5 v S4 S6
S1 S2

TTKT

Ngo ra
(Z)

X=
0

X=
1

X=
0

X=
1

S1
S3
S0

S1
S4
S0

0
0
0

0
0
0

* PP rut gon bang bang keo theo

(Implication
Table)
- Thanh lap
bang keo S
theo cua bang co n
1
trang thai: co n-1 cot
S
va n-1 hang. Moi o
2
- T bang
trang
thai
vuong
la cap
trang
S S0 S
tm
cac
trang
2
S
thai
can
xet thai
tngco
4
3
ngo
ra giong nhau lap
ng.
S S3
thanh
nhom
co the
- Tai moi
o vuong
cua 4
tng
ng.
2 trang
thai khong
S
cung nhom th se
5
S0
S1
S2
S3
khong tng ng
S4 thai cung
- Tai moi
cua 2 trang
gach
cheoo
ovuong
vuong.
nhom th ta ghi ieu kien trang thai ke tiep
can
xettra
tng
- Kiem
cacng.
ieu kien trong cac o
vuong: gach cheo cac o khong thoa ieu
kien. Cac o con lai khong b gach cheo la
NguyenTrongLuat

* PP rut gon bang bang keo theo

(Implication Table)
PS
NS
B

D-F
C-H

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

C
D

C-E

A-F
E-H

A- D

E-F
B-D

B-D
C-H

C-F
A- B
A- B
E-H

B-F
C-E
D-G

H
A
NguyenTrongLuat

A-G

X=0
DA
F
EC
A
C
F
B
C

X=1
C
H
DA
E
A
B
H
G

Z
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1

Theo ngo ra: ta co

2 nhom(A, B, D,
G)
(C, E, F, H)
Ta c: (A,
C-F
B-G
D)
(C,
F
G
E)

3. Gan trang thai:

Moi trang thai c gan bang 1 to
hp cac
trang
V bien
du: He
cothai
3 trang thai
A, B, C
Ta can 2 bien trang thai Q1 va Q2 e
Q1Qthai
2 =
ganTthai
cho 3 A:
trang
Q1 0
00
Q2
1
B: Q1Q2 =
0 A 01
1 B C
C: Q1Q2 =
11
4. Chon FF va thiet ke phan
to
hp:bang
- Lap
trang thai
Ngo
vao

Trang thai
hien tai

Ngo
ra

Trang thai
ke tiep

- Chon FF (D-FF, T-FF, JK-FF) va mach to

hp (cong logic, ROM, PLA, ..).
NguyenTrongLuat

V du: Thc hien he tuan t sau

TTHT

S0
S1
S3
S4

TTKT

X=
0

X=
1

X=
0

X=
1

S1
S3
S0
S4

S1
S4
S0
S0

0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0

TTHT
(Q1Q2)

NguyenTrongLuat

Ngo ra (Z)

S0 :
00
S1 :

TTKT
(Q+1Q+2)

Gan trang
Q1 0
thai
Q2
1
0 S S
1 0 1
S S
4

Ngo ra (Z)

X=
0

X=
1

X=
0

X=
1

10
11
00

10
01
00

0
0
0

0
0
0

TTHT
(Q1Q2)

TTKT
(Q+1Q+2)
X=0 X=1

S0 : 00
10
11
S1 : 10
00
* Lap Sbang
3 : 11
01
:
01
trang
thai
Ng.v S
TTH
Ngo
4

ao
X
0
0 00
0 10
1 00
1 11
0 01
0 11
1 01
NguyenTrongLuat

T
Q1
Q2

ra
Z
0
1 01
0 10
1 10
0 00
1 00
0 00
0 10

10
01
00
00

Ngo ra (Z)
X=
0

X=
1

0
0
0
0
0
*0Chon
1
0

FF:
TTKT T.FF
JK.FF
Q+ 1
T1 T2 J1 K1 J2 K2
Q+ 2
1 0 1
0
0 0 X
X
0 1 0
X
1 1 X
0
1 0 X
1
0 1 0
X
1 1 X
X
1 1 1
1

* Thc hien bang ROM va T.FF kch canh

len:

23 x 3
(bit)
A2
D2
A1

D1

T Q1
1

A0

D0

T Q2
2

CK

NguyenTrongLuat

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Bang nap ROM

X Q1
Z T1
Q2
T2
A2 A 1
D2 D1
0 0
0 1
A0
D0
0 00
1 0
0 10
0 0
0 11
0 1
1 01
0 1
1 00
0 0
1 11
0 1
1 11
0 1
1

* Thc hien bang cong logic va JK.FF

kch
canh
xuong:
T
bang
trang
thai,
rut
Z = gon:
X Q1 Q2

J1 = Q2

J1

Q1

K1

Q1

J2

Q2

K2

Q2

K1 = X + Q 2
J2 = Q1

K2 = X + Q 1

NguyenTrongLuat

CK

* Thc hien bang PLA va JK.FF kch canh

len:
Z = X Q1 Q2 J1 = Q2

Q1

K1 = X + Q2 J2 = Q1

Z
J1 Q1

K1

K
1

Q2

J2

J2 Q2

K2

K
2

CK

NguyenTrongLuat

Bang nap PLA

J1

K2 = X + Q 1

X Q1
Z J1 K1
Q2
K2
0 0 11 0 0
- - 0 0 1 00
1 - - 0 0 01
-

1 0

- 0

0 11
0 00
1

J2
0
0
0
0
1

Vd: Thiet ke bo (chuyen) oi ma t

BCD sang BCD qua 3. Ngo vao va ra la
noi tiep vi LSB i trc.
X: INPUT (BCD)

Z: OUTPUT (BCD+3)

1
t3

0
t2

0
t1

1
t0

1
t3

1
t2

0
t1

0
t0

NguyenTrongLuat

Th
i
ie
t0
m
t1

t2

Chuoi vao nhan

c
(LSB c nhan
Reset
au
tien)
0
1
00
01
10
11
000

t3

NguyenTrongLuat

0
0
0
1
1
1
1

0
1
1
0
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
1
0
1

T/
thai
hien
A
tai
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
P

T/thai
ke
X=
1
B
C
0
D EF
E EG
H HL
HI
M
H J MN
HK MP
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

A
-

Gia tr
ra (Z)
X=0
1

1
0

1
0
0
1
1
1
0

0
1
1
0

0
0
0
0
1
1
1

1
-

0
0
1

* Bang trang thai c rut gon cua

bo chuyen oi ma
Thi
gian
t0
t1
t2
t3

NguyenTrongLuat

Trang
thai
hien
tai
A
B
C
D
E
H
M

Trang
thai ke
X=0
1
B
C
D
E
E
E
H H
H M
A
A
A
-

Gia tr ra
(Z)
X=0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
1
-

IX. LU -O
HeMAY
tuanTRANG
t conTHAI:
c goi la may
trang thai thuat toan
(ASM - algorithmic state machine) hay n
gian hn la may trang thai (SM - state
- Lu goi
o tat
SM c
tao bi cac khoi
machine),
la SM.
SM; moi khoi SM mo ta hoat ong cua
he trong
1 trang
thai.
- Mot
khoi SM
bao gom mot Hop
trang thai (state box), cac Hop quyet nh
(decision box) va cac Hop xuat theo ieu
kien (conditional ouput box).

IEU KIEN

Hop trang thai

Hop
NguyenTrongLuat
quyet nh

Hop xuat
theo kien

ng vao cua
khoi SM
Ten trang
thai

Ma trang
thai
Liet ke bien ra
co gia tr 1
(bien Moore)

xxx

IEU KIEN

Liet ke
bien ra co
gia tr 1
theo ieu
kien (bien
Mealy)

Cac ng ra en cac
SM chnh
khac xac mot ng vao va m
Mot khoikhoi
SM co
NguyenTrongLuat

- Mot ng dan i qua khoi SM t ngo

vao en ngo ra c goi la ng dan
lien ket (link path).
S1
Z 1 , Z2
0

X1

Z3, Z4
0

1
NguyenTrongLuat

X2

X3

Z5

- Khoi SM co the c bieu dien bang

nhieu dang khac nhau

- Mot lu o SM co the bieu dien mot

he to hp khi ch co mot trang thai
va khong co s thay oi trang thai
xay ra.
Z1 = A + ABC = A + BC

NguyenTrongLuat

- Ta phai tuan theo mot so qui tac khi

xay dng mot khoi SM.
* Vi moi ket hp cac bien vao hp le
phai co chnh xac mot ng ra c nh
ngha. ieu nay la can thiet v moi to hp
vao c cho phep phai dan en mot trang
* Khong
cho phep co ng hoi tiep
thai ke
duy nhat.
noi trong mot khoi SM.

NguyenTrongLuat

1/0

S0

00 =
Za AB

0/0

S0
Za

S1
Zb

0/0

0/Z1

1/0

S1

01
Zb

S2

11
Zc

Z1
NguyenTrongLuat

Z2

1/Z2
S2
Zc

Gin
nh th

Clock
S0

State

S0

Za

Za
0

Zb

S1

Zc

Zb
0

Z1
Z2

1
S2

Zc
0
Z1
NguyenTrongLuat

1
Z2

S1

S2

S2

S0

S0

I AT LU O MAY TRANG THAI:

- Viec cai at (realization) lu o SM la tm
c phng trnh cua cac bien ra va cac
bien trang thai ke tiep.
Cac bc thc hien nh sau:

c hien gan trang thai cho cac hop trang tha

* Xac nh phng trnh cua bien ra Zi

- Tm cac trang thai co xuat hien bien ra (Zi =

- Nu la bien MOORE th ta c tch
so (AND) cua cac bien trang thai; con
neu la bien MEALY th ta co tch so cua
cac bien trang thai va bien ieu kien
vao.
- Phng trnh cua bien ra bang
tong (OR) cac tch so a tm thay
cac bc tren lai vi nhau.
NguyenTrongLuat

S0

S0: AB = 00; S1: AB = 01 va

00 =
Za AB

S2: AB = 11
* Phng trnh cua cac bien
Za = A B

S1

Zb = A B

01

Zc = A B
Z1 = A
BX
Z2 = A
BX

Zb
0

S2

11
Zc

Z1
NguyenTrongLuat

Z2

nh phng trnh cac bien trang thai ke Q+j

- Tm ra tat ca cac trang thai
trong o Qj =1
- Tai moi trang thai nay, tm tat ca cac
ng dan lien ket (link path) ma dan
vao trang thai o.
- Vi moi ng dan lien ket nay, tm
ra mot so hang la 1 khi i theo ng
dan lien ket nay. Ngha la, vi ng
dan lien ket t Sa en Sb, so hang se
la 1 tch so cua cac bien trang thai
trang thai Sa va cac bien ieu kien e
the thc
dan en
-co
Bieu
Q+j Sb.
c tao thanh bang
cach lay tong (OR) cac tch so c tm
thay bc tren lai vi nhau

NguyenTrongLuat

* Phng trnh cac bien trang tha

S0
+ AB
00 =
A+ = A B X
X
Za AB
(S1 S2) (S2 S2)
0

B+

S1

=ABX
(S1 S2)

01
Zb

S2

11
Zc

Z1
NguyenTrongLuat

Z2

AB +
X
(S2 S2)

AB
X

(S0 S1)