15

Thit k mn hc

iu khin logic

H v tn SV : Nguyn Hu An Lp : 991B Gio vin hng dn : ThS. Lm Tng c I. ti : Thit k t ng ng ngum d phng izen vo lm vic khi in ca p li khng n nh II. Ni dung thit k : 1. Gii thiu b iu khin lp trnh PLC . 2. Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh S7-200 . 3. T ng ng ngun d phng izen . - Yu cu ng ngun d phng . - M t qu trnh ng ngun d phng . 4. Gin thi gian , phn b vo ra LAD . III. Bn v : Mt bn v : A3 . Gin thi gian , phn cng vo ra , s LAD .

Nng ngy 28 thng 3 nm 2004 GV hng dn

ThS . Lm Tng c

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CHNG 3 GII THIU B IU KHIN Lp TRNH I. T ng ho v iu khin: Trn thc t mi nghnh sn xut cng nghip, mc tiu tng nng sut lao ng c gii quyt bng con ng gia tng mc t ng ho cc qu trnh v thit b sn xut. Vic t ng ho c th nhm mc ch tng sn lng v chnh xc ca sn phm. T ng ho sn xut nhm thay th mt phn hoc ton b cc thao tc vt l ca cng nhn vn hnh my hay thit b vn hnh my hay thit b thng qua h thng iu khin. Nhng h thng ny c th qu trnh sn xut vi cng ngh cao, n nh hoc cn rt t s can thip ca con ngi. iu ny i hi h thng phi c kh nng khi ng, kim sot v dng mt qu trnh theo yu cu gim st hoc o m cc gi tr, cc bin c o xc nh ca qua o t c kt qu nh mong mun sn phm u ra ca my hay thit b . Mt h thng iu khin t ng bt k c cu to t 3 khi : -Khi vo -Khi x l -Khi ra Khi vo khi ra
B chuyn i tn hiu ng vo X l iu khin C cu tc n g

Khi x l

Tn hiu vo

Kt qu x

Trong s m t mt h thng iu khim trn. V mt hot ng m t h thng gm : B phn chuyn i ng vo , khi x l tn hiu vo v xut cc tn hiu iu khin tng ng v b phn nhn cc lnh iu khin kch hot cc c cu tc ng. Nhim v cua b phn x l-iu khin l to ra nhng

17

p ng c xc nh trc tu theo tn hiu ng vo. M hnh nay, phn x l v iu khin c th c iu thc hin bi ngi iu khin, Ngi iu khin nm c p ng ca u ra, theo di hoc gim st ng vo. Trong qu trnh p ng tn hiu vo ngi iu khin thc hin s thay i iu khin tng ng (Van , b cp nhit..) t c s hot ng theo mong mun . 1.1 Khi vo: Cc tn hiu thng qua b chuyn i thnh cc tn hiu in. Cc b chuyn i ny c th l cc nt n, cng tc, cm bin nhit, quang.. Tu theo b chuyn i m tn hiu ra khi n l digital hay anolog. 1.2 Khi ra: Tn hiu ra l kt qu ca qu trnh x l tn hiu ca h thng iu khin . Cc tn hiu ny c s dng to ra p ng c th cho my hoc thit b 1.3 Khi x l-iu khin: Khi x l-iu khin thay ngi vn hnh thc hin cc thao tc m bo qu trnh hot ng C s iu khin ,n nhn thng tin t cc tn hiu khi vo v xut ra cc tn hiu n khi ra thc hin nhng tc ng n thit b . II. B iu khin lp trnh PLC : Do nhu cc s dng 1 b iu khin lp trnh d s dng, linh hot v c gi thnh thp, thc y s pht trin h thng iu khin lp trnh. Mt trong nhng thnh cng l PLC . PLC dng thay th phng php iu khin truyn thng bng rle v cc thit b cng knh. N to ra kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da trn vic lp trnh bng cc lnh logic. M hnh s khi bn trong PLC :
Panel lp trnh

B nh chng trnh n v iu khin Bi nh d liu Khi ng ra Khi ng vo

Ngun cp in

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Mch cng sut v c cu tc ng

Mc h giao tip v cm bin

Qu trnh c iu khin Theo m hnh ny th PLC kim tra tt c cc trng thi tn hiu cc ng vo v c a v qu trnh iu khin, thc hin logic lp trong chng trnh v kch ra tn hiu iu khin cho tn hiu ngoi tng ng. III. Cu trc phn cng ca PLC : PLC gm 3 khi chc nng c bn : B x l ; B nh v khi vo ra. Trng thi ng vo ra ca PLC c pht hin v lu tr vo b nh m , PLC thc hin cc lnh logic trn cc trng thi ca chng v thng qua trng thi ng ra c cp nht v lu vo b nh m ; Sau trng thi ng ra trong b nh m c dng ng (m) cc tip im kch hot cc thit b tng ng . Nh vy s hot ng ca cc tht b c iu khin hn ton t ng theo chng trnh trong b nh . Chng trnh c np vo PLC thng qua thit b lp trnh chuyn dng. S khi cu trc bn trong PLC :

19

B us ch a

B m

B us i khi u n

B h n ch ng trnh E E PR O M tuy cho n

B h ch n ng trnh E E PR O M

N gu n pin

C PU xly

C lock

B nh h thg n

B nh d li u

K h i va o ra

B m

B us dli u

K h m rg i n B m

B us h ng (va ra) th o

M ah c ch t M ah c ngo ra M ah giao c ti p

B m M ah c ngo va o B lo c M ah c ca h ly c

Panel l p trnh (g n thm)

K nh ngo ra

K nh ngo ra 24 ngo va o

1. B vi x l : B vi x l trung tm (CPU) iu khin v qun l tt c cc hot ng ca PLC . Vic trao i thng tin gia CPU ,b nh v khi vo ra c thng qua h thng BUS di s iu khin ca CPU . Mt mch giao ng thch anh cung cp xung clock tn s chun cho CPU , thng l 1 hay 8 MHz , tu thuc b x l s dng . Tn s xung clock xc nh tc hot ng ca PLC v c dng thc hin s ng b cho tt c cc phn t trong h thng . 2. B nh :

20

Tt c cc loi PLC u dng cc loi b nhi nh sau : - ROM (Read Only Memory) - RAM (Random Access Memory) - EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). Vi s tin b ca cng ngh ch to b nh nn hu nh cc PLC u dng b nh EEPROM . Trng hp dng cn b nh ln c th chn la gia b nh RAM c ngun pin nui v b nh EEPROM . Ngoi ra PLC cn thm b nh RAM cho cc ch nng khc nh sau : - B m lu trng thi ca cc ng vo v ra . - B nh tp cho tc v nh th , tc v m , truy xut c . 3. Khi vo ra : Mi hot ng x l tn hiu bn trong PLC c mc in p 5 V DC v 15 V DC (in p cho TTL v CMOS) , trong khi tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi c th ln hn nhiu , thng 24 V DC n 240 V DC vi dng ln . Khi vo ra c vai tr l mch giao tip gi mch vi in t ca PLC vi mch cng sut bn ngoi kch hot cc c cu hot ng . N thc hin cc mc chuyn i cc mc in p tn hiu v cch ly . Tuy nhin , khi vo/ra cho php PLC kt ni trc tip vi cc c cu tc ng c cmg sut trung gian hay rle trung gian . IV.C ch hot ng v x l tn hiu trn PLC . 1. C ch hot ng : Khi chng trnh c np vo PLC , chng c t trong mt vng nh ring , c gi l vng nh chng trnh B nh x l c thanh ghi , b m lnh dng tr n k tip s c thi hnh khi CPU thc hin mt lnh no khi mt lnh c t CPU n c t vo thanh ghi lnh gii m thnh cc vi lnh bn trong CPU . Khi PLC c dt sang ch chy chng trnh (Run mode) , b m lnh ch n a ch 0000h , v tr lnh u tin . B x l lnh ra, gii m v thi hnh lnh , trng hp ny l LD X000 . B x l kim tra phn t u tin ca mch logic , cng tc thng m v ng vo X000 . Trng thi ca ng vo c gi trong b m ng vo , v vy CPU s qut b nh RAM v ghi trng thi X000 vo b nh tm . Sau b m chng trnh s t ng tng ln 1 n v ch n lnh k tip AND X001 v x l lnh ny . B x l li qut b nh RAM ng vo bit trng thi ca X001 , thc hin lnh AND cho X000 v X001 ri lu kt qu tm thi . K tip b m chng trnh tng ln n ga tr X003 , lnh OUT Y000 c thi thnh , v CPU chuyn kt qu

21

logic ca tc v trc , tc v X000 AND X001 vo RAM cho ng ra Y000 . Hot ng ny c tip tc nh vy cho n khi ton b chng trnh c thc thi (Ngha l n khi gp lnh END th dng) . Lc ny b m chng trnh c Reset li gi tr 0000. B m chng trnh c th tng 1 gi tr (Khng tng 1 nh thng l) do lp chng trnh bng lnh nhy (JMP) . Vi th on chng trnh b nhy qua s khng c x l . 2. Phng pho x l tn hiu : C 2 phng php x l tn hiu vo/ra trn PLC : - Cp nht lin tc (Continus Updating) . - X l mt khi (Mass I/O copying). a. Phng php cp nht lin tc : Trong phng php ny , CPU phi mt mt khong thi gian c trng thi ca cc ng vo s c x l . Khong thi gian trn khong 3ms nhm trnh tc ng xung nhiu gy bi cng tc ng vo .cc ng ra c kch trc tip (nu c) theo sau tc v ki tra logic . Trng thi cc ng ra c cht trong khi ng ra , nn trng thi ca chng c duy tr cho n ln cp nht ln k tip. b. Phng php x l mt khi : Cc PLC loi ln , c hng trm ng vo/ra . V CPU ch x l tng lnh trong chng trnh . Trng thi ca tng ng vo c kim tra ring bit xc nh s nh hng ca n ln chng trnh. Theo trn khong thi gian thc hin tc v ny l 3ms , nn tng thi gian ca ton chng trnh , gi l chng trnh qut , s tng khi ng vo tng . IV.Khi nim lp trnh : Ngoi cc cng tc logic mc ni tip v song song cho ng vo v kch hot cc rle logic , hu ht cc chng trnh iu khin cn i hi cc rle ph tr , thanh ghi v cc ch nng nh th , m . Tt c cc ch nng ny u c p ng vi cc thit b chun c sn trong PLC . 1. Lp trnh s dng rle ph tr : Rle ph tr cn c gi theo thut ng ca ngn ng lp trnh , c tc dng nh rle vt l c gi lp trong b nh PLC , b nh 1 bit c dng kt hp vi nhiu cng tc trong chng trnh ghi nhn logic ca mch Ladder iu khin n . Cc c c k hiu M , l trong trng hp c nhiu cng tc tham gia vo logic iu khin th ta phi k hp logic t nhiu mch Ladder . Ngha l cc logic c lin

22

qua nhau c a vo 1 nhnh Ladder iu khin c no . Tp hp c ca nhiu mch logic c s dng iu khin . Vic dng c v cng tc cho php kt hp cc phn chng trnh li vi nhau n gin , d c v trnh c vic dng qu nhiu cng tc trong 1 nhnh . 2. Lp trnh s dng thanh ghi : Ngoi vic s dng c nh thng tin dng bit , mt loi b nh khc trong PLC cho php lu cng lc nhiu bit d liu , gi l thanh ghi thng l 16 hay 32 bit Thanh ghi k hiu l D v c nh du thp phn Thanh ghi rt quan trng trong x l d liu s c nhp t bn ngoi . V d d liu t cc nt n , b chuyn i A/D . C th c c t thanh ghi , x l sau a li cho cc ng ra iu khin , mn hnh hin th hay b chuyn i D/A . Ngoi ra thanh ghi c th biu din bng 1 chui bit ri rc . Cc biu din ny c hin minh ha nh sau : - K1Y20 - Thanh ghi c 4 bit bt u t Y20 . - Y20 - Bit u ca thanh ghi . - K1 - L hng s ch nhm 4 bit lin tip k t bit u tin . 3. Lp trnh s dng b nh th : B nh th v c bn l mt b m xung c chu k xc nh . Khi c kch hot , b nh th thc hin vic m xung cho n khi s xung tng ng vi thi gian cn ng th . Trong PLC c lnh kch hot b ng th rt n gin v lp trnh v s dng . Nguyn tc hot ng ca b nh th (loi TO) . Khi TO cha c kch hot th TO c logic 0 , khi c kch hot th TO vn gi logic 0 cho n khi hon tt thi gian nh th th TO ln mc logic 1. B nh th k hiu l C , nh s thp phn . Phng php lp trnh cho b inh th thng l xc nh b thi gian v cc iu kin kch hot hay dng b nh th . VI.Trnh t thit k h thng PLC : V PLC thit k dng modul nn gn nh vic tht k v ci t phn cng v phn mm ng thi cng 1 lc nhng c lp nhau . Vic thc hin song song nh vy c u im l tit kim c thi gian v h thng linh hot bt chp chc nng ca h thng . Mt vic rt quan trng m cha thc hin y l lp ti liu cho d n thit k . Mt ti liu chnh xc v c cp nht thng xuyn tt c cc giai on ca d n cn c thc hin theo gii qu trnh cng vic

23

cho n khi hon tt d n . Ti liu ny l 1 phn trong ton b h s ca h thng v thng khng c gi tr giai on sau , giai on khc phc h hng . * Chn PLC : Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi PLC vi cc tnh nng ngy cng c tng cng , nhm ci thin hiu sut v cht lng . Tuy nhin vi PLC cng c th c chc nng tng ng nhau . im khc nhau quan trng nht l phng php lp trnh ngn ng lp trnh cng vi vic h tr ca nh xn xut . s h tr ca nh sn xut l yu t quan trng khi thc hin thit k 1 h thng iu khin t ng , nhng thng b qua khi chn 1 PLC cho h thng . Ty thuc nhim v iu khin m khch hng c th tm lin h vi nh sn xut hoc thng qua nh thit k h thng xy dng ton b h thng hoc ch 1 phn h thng nh ch i dy chuyn h thng . Cc nh thit k h thng thng c khuynh hng ch dng PLC ca 1 nh sn xut v h quen dng cc sn phm v v cc hng sn xut mun h rng buc vi cc sn phm ca hng . Nu khch hng mun cc nh thit k h thng xy dng ton b th h c th chn nhiu nht l 2 phng n cho k hoch ca mnh . Tuy nhin c s ngoi l cho tng trng hp cng ty t vn thit k , h c t rng buc hn vi nh sn xut . Vic chn la PLC no l do thi quen dng PLC v h thng iu khin ni chung . i vi nhng ngi c kinh nghim trong thit k v lp t h thng iu khin th thng vn quan trng l s vt tri v mt k thut v hiu sut hn l s h tr v thit k v lp t h thng . i vi nhng khch hng cha c kinh nghim nhiu v PLC v khng nm vng v th trng PLC th cn xem xt cc vn sau y : -Ngi dng c nhn c h tr trong vic thit k ? -T l th trng v lnh cc ng dng ca nh sn xut ? -Nh sn xut c t chc kha hun luyn v h thng PLC ng s dng ? -S tay v ti liu hin c vi ngn ng c c , tnh trng nh th no ? -Kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng tng ng hoc loi PLC khc ca nh cng sn xut ? -Phng php lp trnh c thch hp vi cch iu khin trong ng dng ?

24

i vi ngi cha c kinh nghim v thit k h thng th s c li nu nh sn xut c a ra s h tr cng vic thit k h thng cng vi s hun luyn v thit k chng trnh v son tho chng trnh . Thng gi thnh phn cng ca h thng ch l 1 phn nh trong ton b h thng bao gm : Phn cng ; Phn mm ; Tht k ; Hun luyn ; Tp ti liu ; K c vic lp t v bo tr . * Loi v c PLC : S la chn ny c th thc hin cng vi vic la chn nh sn xut PLC . V c bn ta c th tha mn vi 1 s nh ch to my p ng c yu cu cn thit . Nhng hin nay vi nhiu s la chn thit b , khch hng c th la chn c 1 h thng tng ng t cc nh ch to my chuyn v loi h thng . Kt qu l trong 1 loi h thng t nhiu nh sn xut c lp no li c cht lng tt hn hay gi thnh r hn , nhng iu ny t xy ra . Khi n giai on xc nh quy m h thng PLC th c mt s yu cu cn c xem xt : -Yu cu ng vo/ra cn thit . -Loi ng vo/ra . -Tc v kh nng ca CPU v tp lnh . Tt c cc yu cu ny c lin quan n nhau . * S lng cc ng vo/ra : S lng cc ng vo/ra ca PLC phi c kh nng p ng s ng tn hiu t cm bin cng nh ng iu khin phn cng sut cho cc c cu tc ng . Cc tn hiu khng ngng ty theo cc chi tiu k thut ca h thng : Nh mc in p , dng in tn s p ng m cn quan tm n cc iu sau : -S lng v loi ng vo/ra trn mi modul . -S cch ly gia b iu khin v phn cng sut iu khin c cu tc ng . -Nhu cu v ng vo/ra xl tc cao , iu khin t xa hay cc chc nng chuyn dng khc . -Nhu cu m rng theo kh nng iu khin v lp t thm ng vo/ra . -Ngun cung cp thm cho mi ng vo/ra , ngha l nhu cu c modul PSU cung cp cho mch chuyn i tn hiu hay c cu tc ng . Trong mt s trng hp cn c modul chuyn i dng tn hiu trong h thng , vi khe m rng hn ch . Khi h thng c lp t trong vng rng , nn dng cc ng vo/ra iu khin xa (Remate I/O Link) s cho hiu

25

qu v kinh t hn cho vic ni dy vi cm bin v c cu tc ng t PLC . * Dung lng b nh : i vi cc loi PLC c kh nng m rng th dung lng b nh c m rng bng cch gn thm cc hp nh (Memory cassette) . Dung lng b nh ty thuc vo s lng ng vo/ra s dng trn h thng , mt khc n cn ph thuc vo dung lng ca chng trng iu khin . Ngoi ra cng cn thm b nh lu tr s liu cn thit cho vic trao i d liu . Cui cng , cn phi thm 1 dung lng khc d tr cho php vic thay i chng trnh iu khin khi cn thit (Chng trnh mi c th chim b nh nhiu hn chng trnh iu khin trc ) . Sau y a ra cng thc tng th xc nh b nh ca h thng PLC . B NH CN THIT =B NH CHO NG VO/RA +B NH CHNG TRNH +B NH LU TR D LIU CC LNH CHUYN DNG +KHONG DUNG lng cn thit cho h m rng v hiu chnh chng trnh sau ny. *Tp lnh CPU : Mi PLC u c tp lnh phc v cho vic lp trnh gii quyt cc nhim v iu khin . Tt c PLC u c th hiu c lnh iu khin logic, iu khin trnh t. S khc nhau ni bt l kh nng x l d liu, nhng chc nng chuyn dng v truyn thng. cc loi PLC ln c tp lnh mnh hn cc loi PLC nh. Tuy nhin khng hn vy, cc loi PLC nh v trung bnh thng cng c th c cc chc nng chuyun dng rt tt chng hn chc nng iu khin PID. Cc loi PLC dng mun c th la chn c mun CPU vi tc v kh nng x l ty cc mc . Khi s lng v kh nng x l tng, yu cu v tc ca CPU cng tng v khi CPU phi x l nhiu lnh hn trong mt chu k qut ca PLC. iu c th i hi phi dng loi CPU mnh hn nu thi gian qut khng p ng c yu cu ra.

Tm hiu cc yu cu ca h thng iu khin

Ni tt c thit b vo/ra vi

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Dng mt lu chung ca h thng iu khin

Kim tra tt c dy ni

Lit k cc u vo/ra tng ng vi cc u vo/ra ca PLC

Chy th chng trnh

Phin dch s sang gin thang

Sa li Phn mm

Lp trnh gin thang vo PLC

Chng Sai trnh ng ?

ng Thay i Chng trnh M phng chng trnh v kim tra phn mm

Lu chng trnh vo EPROM

Sp xp c h thng tt c cc bn v

Sai

Chng trnh ng ?

ng

Kt thc

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CHNG 4 : THIT B IU KHIN LOGIC KH TRNH S7-200 I. Cu trc phn cng : PLC-S7-200 l loi thit b iu khin lp trnh, loi nh ca hng Siemens, c cu trc dng mun v c cc mun m rng. Cc mun ny c s dng cho nhiu nhng ng dng lp trnh khc nhau. Thnh phn c bn ca S7-200 l khi vi x l CPU 212 hoc CPU 214. V hnh thc bn ngoi, s khc nhau ca hai loi CPU ny nhn bit c nh s u vo/ra v ngun cung cp. * CPU 212 : C 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra, c kh nng m rng thm 2 mun m rng. * CPU 214 : C 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra , c kh nng m rng thm 7 mun m rng. S7-200 c nhiu loi mun m rng khc nhau. I.1 CPU 212 bao gm : * 512 t n ( ward ) =1 Kbyte, lu chng trnh thuc min b nh c/ghi c, khng b mt d liu nh c giao din vi EEPROM-vng nh Non - Valatile. *512 t n - C 100 t nh c/ghi thuc vng nh Non- Valatile. *Tng s cng lgic vo/ra cc i l 64/64. *C 64 b timer, trong c 2 timer c phn gii 1ms; 8 timer c phn gii 10ms; 54 timer c phn gii 100ms. *C 64 b counter : c 2 loi Loi ch m tin v loi va m tin va m li. *C 368 bit nh c bit *C cc ch ngt v x l tn hiu ngt khc nhau : Ngt truyn thng ; Ngt theo sn ln hay sn xung ; Ngt theo thi gian v ngt theo b m tc cao ( 2khz ). *B nh khng b mt d liu trong 50 gi khi PLC b mt ngun I.2 Cng truyn thng : S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS485 vi phch ni 9 chn phc v cho vic phi ghp vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc trm DLC khc. Tc truyn thng cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 band ( s ln chuyn i ). Tc truyn cung cp ca PLC theo kiu t do l t3 300 n 38 400. 5 4 2 1

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1 - Ni t 2 - 24VDC 3 - Truyn v nhn d liu 4 - Khng s dng 5 - Ni t 6 - 5V DC (in tr trong 100 ) 7 - 24V DC (120 mA ti a) 8 - Truyn v nhn d liu 9 - Khng s dng phi ghp S7-200 vi my lp trnh PG 720 hoc vi cc my lp trnh thuc h PG7XX c th ni thng 1 cp MPI. Cp ny c i km theo my lp trnh. Ghp ni S7-200 vi my PC qua cng RS 232/RS485. II. Cu trc b nh : 1. Phn chia b nh : B nh ca S7-200 c chia lm 4 vng vi 1 t c nhim v duy tr d liu trong 1 thi gian nht nh khi mt ngun. B nh ca S7-200 c tnh nng ng cao, c v ghi c trong ton vng , loi tr phn cc bit nh c bit c k hiu bi SM ( Special-Memory bits ) ch c th truy cp c.

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E E PR O M M i nh ngoa n i

C h ng trnh

C h ng trnh

C h ng trnh

Tu

T ham s D li u

T ham s D li u

T ham s D li u

V u g t ng n i

B nh trong vangoa cu S7-200 i a

-Vng chng trnh : L min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh. Vng ny thuc min nh c/ghi c ( vng Non Volatile ). -Vng tham s : l min lu gi cc tham s nh : t kha, a ch, .... Vng ny thuc min Non-Volatile. -Vng d liu :c s dng lu gi d liu ca chng trnh , bao gm : cc kt qu , cc php tnh , hng s c nh ngha trong chng trnh , b m truyn thng. Mt phn vng nh ny thuc vng Non-Volatile. -Vng i tng : Timer ; Counter ; B m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra tng t c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng thuc vng Non-Volatile. III. Phng php lp trnh : S7-200 biu din 1 mch lgic cng bng 1 dy cc lnh lp trnh. Chng trnh bao gm 1 dy cc tp lnh . S7-200 thc hin chng trnh bt u t lnh lp trnh u tin v kt thc lnh lp trnh cui cng trong 1 vng gi l vng qut ( Scan ). Mt vng qut c bt u bng vic c trng thi ca u vo v sau thc hin chng trnh . Scancycle Kt thc bng vic thay i u ra . Trc khi bt u mt vng qut tip theo S7-200 thc thi cc nhim v bn trong v nhim v truyn thng . Di y l s thc hin chng trnh theo vng qut S7-200 .

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giai oa chuy n n d u ra ngoavi li i giai oa nh d n p li t u ngoavi i

giai oa truy thng n n n i b ki tra l va m i

giai oa th hi n n c ch tr ng nh

Cc lp trnh S7-200 ni ring v cho PLC ni chung l da trn 2 phng php c bn : - Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder logic). - Phng php lit k lnh STL (Statement list) . Nu chng trnh vit bng LAD, thit b lp trnh s t to ra 1 chng trnh theo liu STL tng ng. Ngc li, khng phi mi chng trnh vit theo kiu STL u c th chuyn sang dng LAD. B lnh ca phng php STL u c mt chc nng tng ng nh cc tip im, cc cun dy cc hp dng trong LAD . *Cc nh ngha c bn : 1. LAD : L 1 ngn ng lp trnh bng ha. Nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong LAD tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng iu khin bng rle . Trong chng trnh LAD cc phn t c bn dng biu din lnh logic nh sau : Tip im : L biu tng m t cc tip im ca rle cc tip im c th l thng ng , thng m . Cun dy : L biu tng. - M t rle c mc theo chiu dng in cung cp cho rle . Hp : L biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c dng in chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp l cc b thi gian (Time); B m (counter) v cc hm ton hc. Cun dy v cc hp phi mc chung chiu dng in . Mng LAD : L ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon thin, i t ng ngun bn tri n ng ngun bn phi. ng ngun bn tri l dy nng, ng ngun

31

bn phi l dy trung tn (Neutral), hay l ng tr v ca dy cung cp . 2. STL : L phng php th hin chng trnh di dng tp hp cc lnh. Mi cu lnh trong chng trnh, k c cc lnh hnh thc biu din 1 chc nng ca PLC . 3. Ngn xp logic : L mt khi gm 9 bit xp chng ln nhau. Tt c cc thut ton lin quan n ngn xp u ch lm vic vi bit u tin hoc bit u tin v bit th hai ca ngn xp. Gi tr logic mi u c th c d (hoc ni thm) vo ngn xp. Khi khi hp u tin ca ngn xp , th ngn xp s c ko ln 1 bit .

Chng 3 Quy trnh cng ngh T ng a ngun d phng izen vo lm vic

32

Nhc im ca s ng my ct phn on l khi mt ngun in, lm cho h tiu th mt in. khc phc nhc im ny, cc x nghip thng trang b thm ngun in izen d phng Mt s x nghip do yu cu mt in khng c lu qu, v d nh x nghip bnh ko, nu mt in qu 3ph, dy chuyn nng bnh s b chy ton b m bnh trong l, gy thit hi v kinh t, trong mt s trng hp kh CO sinh ra nhiu c th dn n n l gy h hi nghim trng. X nghip gch dng l tuynen nu mt in cc con ln khng chuyn ng s b hng. X nghip ru nu mt in qu lu, cc my rung ngng lm vic, qu trnh ln men km nh hng n cht lng v sn lng ru Do nhng i hi trn vic t ng ha ngun in d phng izen l yu cu cn thit 1. Nhng khi thc hin t ng ha ngun in izen : a) Khi mt in li bt k l do g phi khi ng izen . b) Khi c in li tr li phi t ng dng izen c) Khi mt in li lu di, xt thy vn hnh ngun in izen khng kinh t v do nhu cu sn xut ch cn gii quyt xong mt nhim v no , ch cn vn hnh izen trong mt thi gian ngn sau t ng dng izen . 2. m bo an ton cho inzen v my pht in trong thi gian vn hnh cn: a)inzen ch khi ng 1ln n 2 ln cho mi ln pht in, nu khi ng ln th 2, sau ln th 2 khng thnh cng dng vic khi ng izen . b)Khi c dao ng in p li hoc in p li chp chn ( c in ri li mt, sau li c in),trong trng hp ny phi c thit b ngn nga izen khi ng nhiu ln c hi cho izen . c)Khi mt p lc du bi trn, mt p lc nc lm mt, nhit du bi trn, nhit nc lm mt qu mc cho php phi dng izen. d)Cc izen l nhng ng c 2 k nn c lp bnh , do vy sau khi dng inzen thng sau mt khong thi gian nht nh izen mi dng hn. Trong thi gian izen cha dng hn m pht tn hiu khi ng li izen , b ly hp bnh rng khi ng s lao vo lm v bnh rng bnh , ph hng phn khi ng. V vy ch khi ng li izen khi izen dng hn.

33

Sau khi izen t c tc nh mc, in p my pht khng thnh lp c hoc khng t c in p ti thiu cng dng izen . e)Khi in p my pht t c gi tr nh mc, lin sau cho tn hiu chy my bm du bi trn, my bm nc lm mt, qut gi nu c. Di y l cc s mch in c bn thc hin vic t ng ha ngun d phng izen tha mn cc yu cu trn. 1) S lm vic ca my nh sau: a)Kim tra ptmt v tr m. b)a cha kha vo kha chuyn mch KS quay v v tr sy: _15s khi nhit khng kh trn 0oC. _30s khi nhit khng kh di 00C. c)Quay kha KS v v tr khi ng. Khi izen khi ng xong kha KS t ng tr v v tr ng. d)Nu my khng khi ng c, vn kha KS v v tr ct, i khi ng li ln 2, thi gian 15s c ci t sn trong my, t ng ct mch khi ng. e)Sau khi izen khi ng xong, vn nt iu chnh in p VR, quan st vn k, khi vn k ch 400V l c, ng ptmt, hon thnh vic khi ng izen . f)Mun dng izen trc tin phi ct ptmt, n nt SP, izen dng li. g)Nu mt p lc du bi trn, nhit nc lm mt qu cao, cc cm bin p lc du, cm bin nhit nc s ng tip im, khi ng r-le khn cp ER v ER cho tn hiu dng izen. Di y gii thiu cu trc r-le khn cp ER v rle ph RY. c im k thut ca r-le khn cp ER:

34

Rle kh c ER n p
1CC15A

KS
M a pha y t i 1 chi n u
a,Rle th i gian b,K h g i n c,M ah tr c M ah c phn t ch a,Rle th i gian b,D g n c,M ah tr c Rle u ra

cqui 12V

Nu d g t n
SP ST

2CC10A
Ca bi nhi m n t nc

Rle phu RY

C D g Selenoit n

Ca bi a l d m n p u c

35
Kh g i n izen
Ma na qui pha y p c t 7V mg khoa nt chi u Rle kh c kh n p i th gian i g v tr n i 45"+ 15" Rle kh c s sa g n p n n vi la m c La m b c nh vi thng

D g bg n n tay

B nh th ng Trag tha a l n i p c d u

B nh th ng Trag n nhi tha t i n c

nu d g n t n izen

Ca bi a l m n p c o n p dg ti u i m

Ca bi nhi m n t o g p n nc ti i m

Rle phu i kh o g ti n g p n i m

Rle kh c cho t n p n dg n u i i hi izen v th 15"+ gian 5 tr "

D g n Selenoit
Ngg cung c n p nhin li u

izen d g n

36

2.Mch kim tra in p li in (hnh 9-14)

N U V W + 1
RU<

RU<

RU<

3.Mch kim tra in p my pht in (hnh 915)

N U V W

4 RU>

5 RU>

37

4.Mch chuyn i gia in p li in v in p my pht in izen (hnh 9-16)

i a l i n p N U V W

i a ma pha n p y t N W V U

123

123

1C T

2C T

h n tiu thu
Thit b cn dng hai cng tc t ba pha loi 30A, in p cun dy 220V. trnh tc ng nhm phi ni lin ng gia hai cng tc t. Nu cng tc t 1 CT ng, khng th iu khin 2 CT ng c v ngc li. Khng cho php hai cng tc t ng thi ng.

38

5. S mch in t ng khi ng izen khi mt in p li in

+
K 1CC 1RU< 1RG1 2RU< 3RU< 2RG1 5RG1 1RG1 1RG

4RU>

2RG

5RU>

1RG2

5RG2

2RG2

7RG2

1RT

1RG3

2RT

1RG4

2RG3

3RG

3RG1

4RG1

G1(K S)

4RG2 1RT1(15")

G2(K S)

Thibs t y
4RG g c kh g n i n

1RG2

5RG2

2RG2

ST(K S)

2RT1(60")

5RG

5RG4

2RG4

AC(K S)

rle phu n

39

Tm tt s lm vic ca s hnh 9-17. Khi mt in p li 1RU<, 2RU<, 3RU< tr v ng tip im, 1RG khi ng ng tip im 1RG1,1RG2,1RG3,1RG4. -1RG1: t gi phng in p li chp chn . -1RG2: khi ng 1RT vi 15s m tip im thit b sy (thi gian 15s ly t l lch ca my). -1RG3: khi ng 2RT ngn nga hng cqui , nu sau 18s izen khng khi ng c, s dng cho n khi nhn vin sa cha n kim tra. -1RG4: a in vo thit b sy, sy nng izen, lm d dng cho vic khi ng. Sau 15s r-ie thi gian cho tn hiu m thit b sy ng thi cho tn hiu khi ng izen, s xy ra 2 trng hp : _Trng hp 1: nu izen khi ng thnh cng, in p my pht in c thnh lp (do c t ng iu chnh in p) r-le in in p cao 4RU>, 5RU khi ng ng tip im, dn n 2RG c m cc tip im 1RG1,, 2RG2, 2RG3, l cc mch khi ng ca izen, cc r-le ny tr v chun b cho khi ng ln sau. ng thi 2RG ng tip im 2RG4 a in p ngun n r-le ph RY m bo cho mch bo v izen sn sng lm vic. Mt khc khi izen khi ng thnh cng my pht in 1 chiu c ni vi izen s pht in np in cho cqui v cung cp ngun in cho r-le khn cp ER. _Trng hp 2: nu izen khi ng khng thnh cng r-le thi gian 2RT vi thi gian lm vic 45s+15s=60s s ng tip im, r-le 5RT c in ng tip im 5RG4 t gi v m cc mch khi ng ca izen bng cc tip im 5RG1, 5RG2,v 5RG3. Trong s cn tip im kha mch khi ng khi p lc du gim thp v nhit nc lm mt qu cao. Trong nhng trng hp ny d c mt in p li tr li, izen s khng khi ng bo v izen khi h hng. Nhn vin sa cha phi kim tra v tm nguyn nhn h hng, sa cha xong bt kha K v v tr ct gii tr t gi, sau mun khi ng tr li bt kha K v v tr ng . 6. Mch dng izen khi c in p li tr li

40
+
K 1 CC

1 RU<

2 RU<

3 RU<

1 CT3

6 RG

6 1 RG

3 RT

3 RT1 p ) (3 h

8 RG

8 1 RG S P

ER

ER

D g n S le o e n it
9 RG

S lm vic ca s 9-18: s dng tip im thng m ca r-le in p thp 1RU<, 2RU<, 2RU<, 3RU<. Khi in p li c tr li, r-le in p thp ng tip im , 6RG1, 3RT khi ng sau 3ph khp tip im 3RT1, 8RG c in ng 8RG1 cho tn hiu n 9RG. Trc 8RG ng thi m tip im 8RG2 ct cng tc t in p my pht 2CT. R-le 9RG ng tip im 9RG1 ng cng tc t in p li 1CT. Thi im ny tiu th s dng in p li. Nu li mt in p li qu trnh lp li . Thi gian lm vic 3ph ca r-le 3RT trnh izen khi ng lp i lp li nhiu ln khi in p li c hin tng chp chn. 7. Mch dng izen khi p lc du bi trn gim thp v nhit nc lm mt qu cao.
+
K 1CC 10A

RY

7RG

7RG4

41

8.Mch ng v ct cngtct in p my pht: S lm vic ca s hnh 9_20: nhi mt in p li ,cng tc t 1CT t ct ra, 1CT1 tip im thng kn ng li chun b ng cng tc t 2CT ,sau izen khi ng v in p my pht c thnh lp, cc rle in p cao 4RU>,5RU> khp tip im dn n 2RG c in , ng tip im 2RG4 ,4RT khi ng sau 10s 4RT khp tip im 4RT1, rle 10RG c in ng tip im 10RG1 ,cun ng 2CD c in,cng tc t 2CT ,ng thi m tip im ph 2CT3 lm cho 4RT ,10RG mt in tr v ,m 10RG 1 nhng trc 2CT2 ng t gi, do vy cng tc t 2CT vn c ng v h tiu th c cp in. _ tip im 1CT1 l tip im lin ng ,khi ng 1CT khng th ng 2CT v ngc li. _ Nt 2D ng cng tc t ,nt 2C ct cng tc t bng tay. _Tip im thng kn 9RG3 mc ni tip vi mch ng 2CT , mc ch tng thm tin cy.Khi ng 1CT phi ng thi m mch 2CT. _ Cun ng 2CD ca cng tc t 2CT s dng in p 220V xoay chiu, in p c ly t u cc my pht qua cu ch 2CC. _ Bo v cho mch my pht ,nh ch to dng ptmt t bng in ca my .

Pha 220V 2CC

+
K 1CC 10A

2RG4 4RT1(10")

2CT3

4RT

10RG

2C

2CT2

1CT1

9RG3

2C

10RG1

9_ Mch ng v ct cng tc t in p li :

42

S lm vic ca s hnh 9_21: r le 9RG khi ng m tip im 9RG 2 ,cng tc t 2CT mt in , m 2CT ra , tip im ph thng kn 2CT 1 ng li sn sn cho mch ng 1CT. ng thi r le 9RG ng tip im 9RG1 cun ng 1CD c in ng cng tc t 1CT ,h tiu th li c cp in p li. _ Nt 1D ng 1CT v nt 1C ct 1CT bng tay. _ Cun dy 1CD s dng in 220V xoay chiu ny c ly pha in p li qua cu ch 3CC. Cc r le trung gian v thi gian s dng trong s loi 12V mt chiu. Ngun mt chiu 12V ly t cqui st sn my v nh ch to thit k h thng np hon chnh.
Pha 220V 3CC N

1C

1CT2

2CT1

10RG3

1C

9RG1