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Summary of sources of
water loss and gain per day
under normal conditions,
numbers are adult averages
Daily Intake and Output of Water (in ml/day)
Normal
Prolonged Heavy
Exercise
Intake
Fluids ingested 2100
?
From metabolism 200
200
Total intake 2300
?
Output
Insensible-Skin 350
350
Insensible-Lungs 350
650
Sweat 100
Fluid Exchanges. A diagrammatic representation of fluid movement
between the ICF and ECF, and between the ECF and the environment.
The volumes are not drawn to scale.
Blood Volume
- Blood contains : 1. Extra cellular fluid (the fluid
in plasma)
2. Intra cellular fluid (the fluid
in the red blood cells)
- The blood volume is especially important to the
control of cardiovascular dynamic
- The average blood volume of adults is about 7%
of body weight or about 5 liters
- 60% of the blood is plasma
- 40% of the blood is red blood cells
- These percentages depending on sex,
weight, and other factors
HEMATOCRIT (PACKED RED CELL VOLUME)
- The Hematocrit : is the fraction of the blood cells
as determined by centrifuging
blood in a hematocrit tube until
the cells become tightly packed
in the bottom of tube.
EKSTRASEL
- ANTIPYRINE
VOL. C. EKSTRASEL
- Na RAD AKTIF - DISPERSI KE
DALAM
- Cl RAD AKTIF PLASMA &
CAIRAN
- IOTHALAMETE RAD AKTIF INTERSTITIAL
- ION SHIOSULFAT - TIDAK MASUK
C.INTRASEL
SODIUM SPACE
- INULIN BBRP DARI -ZAT
WAKTU 30 60
MASUK
MENIT
INTRASEL
INULIN SPACE
VOL. C. INTRASEL
= Vol. C. tubuh vol. C.
ekstrasel
VOL. PLASMA
- 125 I. ALBUMIN
- EVANS BLUE (T 1824)
VOL. INTERSTITIAL
= vol. C. ekstrasel - vol. plasma
VOL. DARAH
= Vol. Plasma = 31 = 5,
01
1 hematokrit 1.0 0.4
OSMOSIS
= DIFUSI AIR DARI HIGH WATER
CONCENTRATION KE LOW WATER
CONCENTRATION
= DIFUSI AIR DARI LOW SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION KE GIGH SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION
Osmosis adalah diffusi air
1 milliosmole = 1/1000
osmole
Osmolality and Osmolarity
Contraction (dehydration)
Isosmotic 0 0
Hyperosmotic
Hyposmotic
Expansion (overhydration)
Isosmotic 0 0 0
Hyperosmotic
Hyposmotic
body
-Many types of potential space
Example : * The pleural cavity
* The pericardial cavity
* The peritoneal cavity
* The synovial cavities
* The joint cavities
* The joint bursae
- All there potential space have surfaces that
almost touch each other with only a thin layer of
fluid in between, the surface slide over each
other
- To facilitate the sliding a viscous protemaceous
fluid lubricates the surfaces
- Fluid is exchanged between the capillaries and
the potential space
- Lymphatic vessels drain protein from the
potential spaces
- Edema fluid in the potential sapces is called
effusion
Example : - gelular effesion
- ascites abdominal
cavity
- In serious cases, 20 liters or more ascitic fluid
can accumulate
- The pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and joint
spaces can become seriously swollen when
there is generalized edema
- Injury or local infection in any one of the cavities
often blocks the lymph drainage, causing
isolated swelling in any one of the cavities
- Normal fluid pressure in most or all of the
potential spaces in the nonedema tour state
is negative in the same way that this pressure
is negative in lease subcutaneous tissue
- Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure is
normaly about 7 to 8 mm Hg in the pleural
cavity, -3 to 5 mm Hg in the joint soace, and
-5 to 6 mm Hg in the pericardial cavity