ES 13: Lecture 3

Material Properties
Strain Energy
Stress Strain Diagram
 Ductile Materials
Any material that can be subjected to large strains
before it fractures
Ductility of Material:

Some metals like aluminum does not have a well

defined yield point, it is a standard practice to define
a yield strength using offset method
Offset Method
 Brittle Materials
Materials that exhibit little or no yielding
before failure
Compared with their behaviour in tension,
they exhibit a much higher resistance to axial
compression
Stress Strain Diagram of Brittle
Materials
 Plastic Deformation
If a ductile material is loaded into the plastic
region and then unloaded, elastic strain is
recovered as the material returns to its
equilibrium state
However, the plastic strain remains and as a
result, the material is subjected to a
permanent strain
Plastic Deformation
 Strain Energy
It is the energy stored internally throughout
its volume as the material is deformed by
external loading.

- Force that acts on the top and bottom faces of the

element

-Vertical displacement of the element assuming axial

tension
 Strain Energy

Strain Energy Density:

Applying Hookes Law, if linear elastic:

 Strain Energy
Modulus of Resilience the calculated strain
energy density when stress reaches the
proportional limit.
 Strain Energy
Modulus of Toughness represents the entire
area under the stress strain diagram therefore
it indicates the strain energy density of the
material just before it fractures.
 Sample Problem
The stress strain diagram for an aluminum
alloy is shown. If a specimen of this material is
stressed to 600 MPa, determine the
permanent strain that remain in the specimen
when the load is released. Find the modulus
of resilience both before and after the load
application.
Sample Problem 1