Walls and Brick bonds

Wall classification
• There are 2 types of wall that is:
– Load Bearing Walls are able to carry the load from
above (own weight & load from roof) and transfer it to
the foundation.
– Non Load Bearing Walls only carry their own weight.

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 Load bearing wall
• It can be exterior wall or interior wall
• Types
– Pre Cast Concrete Wall
– Retaining Wall
– Masonry Wall
– Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls
– Stone Wall

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 Precast Concrete Wall (Load Bearing Wall)

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 Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls

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 Stone wall (load bearing wall)

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 Masonry wall

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 Retaining wall

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 Brick bonds
• Stretcher Bond
• English Bond
• Flemish Bond
• Common/American/English Garden Wall Bond
• Flemish Garden Wall Bond
• Herringbone Bond

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 Brick positions

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 Header & Stretcher
• Stretcher: a brick laid horizontally, flat with long
side of brick exposed on the outer face of the
wall.
• Header: a brick laid flat with the short end of brick
exposed.

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 Soldier & Sailor
• Soldier: a brick laid vertically
with the narrow side (stretcher)
exposed.
• Sailor: a brick laid vertically with
the broad side exposed.

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 Rowlock & Shiner
• Rowlock: a brick laid on the long, narrow side with
the small side (header) exposed.
• Shiner: a brick laid on the long narrow side with
the broad side exposed.

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 Stretcher bond
• Easiest bond to lay & it minimizes the amount of cutting
required.
• Originally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2 brick
walls.
• It is used for cavity walls as less cutting is required.

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 Stretcher bond

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 Stretcher bond walls
• Walls are half brick wide. As with
any wall built of brick, no two
adjacent vertical joints should be in
line.
• Corner: When turning a corner at
the end of a straight run again
causes no problems, just interlock
the two runs of bricks on every
other course.
• When joining into a wall part way
along the wall, it's necessary to use
two 3/4 bats (coloured red - one
on either side) on the main face of
the wall on every other course.
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 Stretcher bond walls with piers
• End piers: the first (& alternate) course should have two full bricks
placed at right-angles to the run of the wall. The second (&
alternate) course should use two 3/4 bats (colored red) in the face
of the wall and a full brick behind.
• Mid piers: the first course needs
a 'Queen Closer' (colored blue)
in the face of the all with two
3/4 bats behind. The second
course uses full bricks in the
face and a full brick behind.
• The piers can be strengthened
by embedding a piece of mat
reinforcement into the mortar
of alternate courses.
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 Stretcher bond for brick piers
• Piers vary in size & types of bond used.
• A couple of simple stretcher bond piers
are shown.
• The bricks leave a hollow centre is filled
with concrete once the mortar has been
allowed to harden (wet concrete will
exert an internal pressure which may
cause the brick mortar to fail if the
concrete is inserted too soon).
• The centre concrete should be inserted
in one go. If considered necessary, steel
reinforcing rods can be inserted into the
centre concrete fill.
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 Flemish bond
• Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in
every course.
• Each header is placed centrally between the stretcher
immediately above and below. This is not as strong as
the English bond at 1 brick thick .
• It can be successfully applied in cavity wall.

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 Flemish bond

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 Flemish bond brick walls
• This bond is easy for the
straight wall. Just offset each
course so that the header
bricks are centered on the
stretcher bricks on the
course below.
• When turning a corner at the
end of a straight run, a
Queen Closer (colored blue)
is required on each course.

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 English bond
• Alternative courses of headers and stretchers.
• One header placed centrally above each stretcher.
• This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick
(or thicker).
• One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.

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 English bond

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 English bond brick walls
• Straight wall: It's just alternate
courses of headers and stretchers
with each joint on the stretcher
course centered on a header brick on
the course below.
• Corner: When turning a corner at the
end of a straight run needs the use of
a Queen Closer (coloured blue) on
each course.
• Joining into a wall part way along the
wall, is the same as for the end turn
except that a Queen Closer is only
needed on every other course.

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 Common /American/English garden wall bond
• A pattern made like Stretcher bond but with a row of
headers replacing every nth course (n is usually odd).

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 Common /American/English garden wall bond

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 Flemish garden wall bond
• In this variant of Flemish bond: one header is placed at
every third stretcher

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 Herringbone bond
• It is a purely decorative bond. It is used in floor and wall
panels.

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