Prehistoric Period

• Malaysians prehistory begins with the

earliest known traces of human habitation
around 40 millenniums ago, and extend
through the prehistoric period to the
founding of Melaka Sultanate in the 1400,
the date commonly used as the starting
point of the historic era.
 Prehistoric Period
• The earliest evidence of human occupation in Sarawak is a 38,000-
year-old skull from the Niah Caves whereas the earliest evidence
from the Peninsula is an 11,000-year-old skeleton from Gua
Gunung Runtuh in Perak.

• The oldest artifacts are Paleolithic stone stools from Kota Tampan,
Perak, dated back to 34,000 years ago, while the earliest Borneon
artifacts are stone tools from Tingkayu, Sabah produced between
28,000 and 18,000 years ago.

• Hunter-gatherer lifestyles changed dramatically about 5,000 years

ago when they acquired the knowledge of producing polished stone
tools and earth ware. Evidence of Neolithic culture can be found
either on its own, or at Mesolithic sites, including the Niah caves in
Sarawak, Gua Cha in Kelantan and Gua Kechil in Pahang.
 Prehistoric Period
• Malaysia was one of the earliest homes of Man.
Stone implements found at Lenggong in Perak and
the remarkable finds in the Niah Cave of Sarawak
provide evidence of this. The earliest of the
present day inhabitants of Malaysia are the Orang
Asli of the Peninsula and people such as the Penan
of Sarawak and the Rungus of Sabah. Their
presence in the country probably dates back to
over 5,000 years.
 Malay Sultanate of Melaka
• The ancient Malay Sultanate of Melaka was a
sultanate whose rein of government was entirely
in the hands of the rulers and the Malay officials.
The Malay rulers of Melaka originated from
Singapore that was after the defeat of the Malay
kingdom of Singapore by the Siamese.

• The Malay Sultanate of Melaka lasted for little

over a century, stretching from the end of the
fourteenth century to the early part of the sixteenth
century that is from 1394 to 1511.
 Malay Sultanate of Melaka
• Parameswara was a prince of Palembang. In 1330
he married a daughter of the Majapahit Emperor
and became a vassal of the his father-in-law. Not
long after he threw off his allegiance to the
Majapahit

• Emperor, who at once sent warriors to drive him

out of Sumatra. Parameswara fled to Tumasek,
which was actually old Singapore with his family
and followers.
 Malay Sultanate of Melaka

• When Parameswara failed to establish a kingdom at two

places in Muar, that is, Biawak Busuk and Kota Buruk,
he led his followers to a place known as Sening Ujung or
now known as Sungei Ujong. He continued his journey
from here until he came to the mouth of the Bertam
River where he founded Melaka and became the first
ruler around the year 1394.

• However, during this time, Parameswara was still a

Hindu. Hence a Malay kingdom was therefore
established in Melaka to continue the existence of the
Malay kingdom of Singapore which had fallen.
 Malay Sultanate of Melaka
• After Melaka was founded, Parameswara began to
develop the place and ordered his men to cultivate the
lands with banana, sugar cane, yam and other crops for
food. Parameswara himself carried on trade in Melaka.

• Within a short period of time, news about the town of

Melaka begun to spread all over Malaya, Sumatra,
Java and India which resulted in a large number of
traders coming to trade in Melaka. Two years after
Parameswara founded Melaka, the population had
soared to two thousand.
 Reasons the Portuguese
Came to the East
Glory God Gold
•Asian Spices -
•Prince Henry the expensive, because
Navigator • spread the
• high demand
Christian Gospel
•reconnaissance
• many middle
mission •the 11th century -
men
Crusade War
•the 15th century
• monopolized
-Portugal’s Age of • mythical priest -
by the Muslim
Discovery King Prester John
merchants
 Why Choose Malacca
 Trading Centre

 Islamic Centre
 Why Malacca fell ???

 Weak Ruling Government

 Feeling of Hostility among the Races

 Disloyalty

 Superiority of the Portuguese Army

Weak Ruling Government
• Tun Putih - weak & old
• Tun Mutahir - practised favoritism
• Sultan Mahmud - not efficient
• Sultan Ahmad Shah -too young & lack
experience
 Disloyalty
• A Chinese merchant - lent 5
huge barges to the Portuguese

• A Tamil merchant, Ninachatu -

supplied information on
Malacca’s defense system

• The Javanese hired army - ran

away
 The Strength of the
Portuguese army
• disciplined & experienced

• advanced weapons, eg:

guns & cannons

• Alfonso d’Albuquerque,
capable & experienced
 The fall of Malacca
• 1509
• Lopez de Sequeira was sent to Malacca
• Gujerat merchants incited Bendahara.
• Tun Mutahir captured Portuguese army
• Sequeira ship was burned
• He ran to Goa and informed Albuquerque
• 1 July 1511
• Albuquerque reached Malacca and asked for 3 things:
• 1- compensation 2- free all Portuguese people
• 3- asked for permission to built a fort
• 25 July 1511
• First attacked from Portuguese
• Albuquerque received secret messages about Malacca
defense from Ninachatu
• Malacca bridge was captured by Portuguese army-
Portuguese failed
• 10 August 1511- second attacked and Portuguese successful
 The Impact of Portuguese
Conquest
Ended the Malacca
Sultanate Enriched the
Malay language
Inter-racial marriages
- Serani
Introduced the joget
dance & the song of
Introduced Roman writing
Jingkling Nona

No longer played a role as Ushered the birth of 2 new

Islamic & trading centre kingdoms, Johor and Perak
 SULTANS OF MALACCA
• PARAMESWARA- 1400-1414
• SLTN MEGAT ISKANDAR SYAH- 1414-1424
• SULTAN MUHAMMAD SYAH- 1424-1444
• SULTAN ABU SYAHID - 1444-1445
• SULTAN MUZAFFAR SYAH - 1445-1456
• SULTAN MANSUR SYAH- 1456-1477
• SLTN ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SYAH- 1477-1488
• SULTAN MAHMUD SYAH- 1488-1511
 • 1580, Philip II of Spain, closed the port of Lisbon
to Dutch & British sailors in the 1594

• contained detail information

about routes & navigational
conditions in eastern waters

Linschoten’s famous book

: Itenerario
 2 reasons the native states
welcomed the Dutch
The Dutch were rivals of the Portuguese

Any form of rivalry among

the European nations
increased
demand for spices
 The Relationship Between The
Dutch & Johor
• Tringular War between Johor , Acheh &
Portugis in Malacca
•The Dutch & the Johor Government
recognized the mutual benefits of co-operating
with one another

The Dutch Needed Johor’s

assistance to attack the
- potential
-allies Portuguese in Malacca

JOHOR
DUTCH
 The Dutch promised to be the peace
mediator between Acheh & Johor
peace treaty 1941

 Johor assisted the Dutch by transporting

vital materials, preventing the enemy from
fleeing into the jungles and providing moral
support
Batavia - As the important base of VOC in
the East
- centre of all economic operation

Malacca - As a guardpost protecting

shipping through the Straits
- as a supply base especially tin

Signed treaties with the Sultan of Perak,

Kedah, Ujung Salang & Bangeri to enable
them to monopolize the tin trading