What shape

can you see?

 SOLID
GEOMETRY II
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

State the geometric properties of prisms,

pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.
Draw nets for prisms, pyramids,
cylinders and cones.
State and find surface areas of prisms,
pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.
 DEFINITION

Solid geometry is concerned with

three-dimensional shapes.
Some examples of three-dimensional
shapes are:
• Prisms
• Pyramids
• Cylinders
• Cones
• Spheres
 12.1 PROPERTIES
SOLIDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

PRISM A solid with two congruent, parallel

bases which are polygons.

PYRAMID A solid with a base which is a

polygon and triangular sides that
converge at a vertex.
CYLINDER A solid with two parallel congruent
circular faces and a curved surface.

CONE A solid with a circular base and a

vertex.

SPHERE A solid having all of its points the

same distance from its centre.
Rectangular Prisms

Triangular Prisms

Hexagonal Prisms
Square Pyramids Rectangular Pyramid

Triangular Pyramid Hexagonal Pyramid

5 faces
8 edges
5 vertices
2 faces
2 edges
1 vertices
5 faces
9 edges
6 vertices
 12.2 NETS OF GEOMETRIC
SOLIDS

A net is a two-dimensional
figure that can be folded
into a three-dimensional
solid.
 EXAMPLE 1

1)

2)
3)

4)
WORKSHEET
 12.3 SURFACE AREA

The surface area of a solid is the

total area of all the faces of the
solid.

• It is measured using squares

• Units include mm²,cm²,m²,km².
 SOLIDS NETS SURFACE AREA

PYRAMID

Area of four triangular faces +

Area of rectangular base

PRISM

Area of three rectangular faces

+ Area of two triangular faces
Example 1:
Calculate the surface area of the pyramid shown.
SOLUTION

Area of square base

13 cm
 10 10  100cm 2

10 cm
Area of a triangular face
1
 10 12  60cm 2
2

Surface area of the pyramid

 100  (4  60)  340cm 2

SURFACE AREA OF CYLINDER
r r

l h

l= circumference of the base circle  2r

Area of curved surface (rectangular) + Area of two circular faces.

 2rh  2r 2
Example

Find the surface area of a cylinder

with a radius of 7 cm and a height of
22
20 cm. (Take   7 )
SOLUTION

r  7cm h  20cm

Surface area of the cylinder

 2r 2  2rh
22 2 22
 2( )(7 )  2( )(7)( 20)
7 7

 308  880  1188cm 2

 SURFACE AREA OF CONE
l
l
r r

Area of sector = rl

Area of circle = r 2

Area of sector + Area of circle  rl  r 2

Example

Calculate the surface area of a cone

with a radius of 5 cm and a slant
height of 8 cm. (Take   3.142)
SOLUTION

r  5cm l  8cm

Surface area of the cone

 rl  r 2

 (3.142)(5)(8)  (3.142)(52 )

 204.23cm 2
SURFACE AREA OF SPHERE

Surface area of a sphere = 4r

2

Where r is the radius of the sphere

Example:

Find the surface area of the sphere.

22
(Take   )
7
SOLUTION

Surface area of the sphere:

22
 4r  4   3.52  154cm 2
2

7
POP QUIZ
1) Find the surface area of the sphere that has

a) radius = 2.8cm
3
b) diameter = 1 m
11
 SOLUTION
3
a) r 1
11
2
22  14 
4r  4 
2

7  11 
  20.3636
b) Diameter =

2.82

22 2.8 2
4r  4 
2
( )  24.64
7 2
2) Find the value of h for the solid shown in the
2
diagram if its surface area is 1551 cm .
22
Take  
7

21 cm

h cm
 SOLUTION 21
The solid given is cylinder. r h?
2

2r 2  2rh  1551

 22  21  2   22 21 
2       2    h  1551
 7  2    7 2 
693  66h  1551
66h  858
h  13
3) A cone has a base of diameter 14 cm. Find the
slant height of the cone if its surface area 286 cm 2
.
22
Take  
7
 SOLUTION
Diameter =14 cm r 7 l ?
rl  r 2  286
 22   22 2 
 7  7  s    7  7   286

22s 154  286

22l  132
l 6
 4
4) A sphere has a surface area of 804 mm
. 2
7
What is its radius?
Let r be the radius of the sphere.
Surface area of the sphere =
4r 2

4
4r  804 mm2
2

7
22 5632
4 r 
2

7 7
88 2 5632
r 
7 7
r  64
2

r 8
5) Calculate the value of xfor the following
solid.

10 cm

x cm

Surface area = 785 cm2

SOLUTION
r  10
 22   22 
rl  r   10  l    10 2   785
2

7  7 
220 2200
l  785
7 7
220 3295
l
7 7

l  14.97
6)

12 cm

5 cm

Calculate the surface area of the cone

Solution
13 cm
12 cm

5 cm

Surface area = 282.8571

7)
2.8 mm

If the diameter of the iron rod is 2.8 mm and the

surface area of the rod is 2.8mm, find its length.
 Solution
r  1.4
 22   22 2
2rh  2r  2  1.4  h  2   1.4   892.32
2

 7   7 

8.8h  12.32  898.32

h  100
Example 1
Find the total surface area of
the following solid. Take   3.142
.
 Example 2
The solid shown below consists of a
cone and a hemisphere with a
common base. What is the total
surface area of the solid? Take
. “Hemi”
π  3.142
means half.