EXPERIMENT (5)

FLOW THROUGH SMALL ORIFICE

1 By:
Eng. Motasem M. Abushaban.
Eng. Fedaa M. Fayyad.
INTRODUCTION

 An Orifice is an opening in the side or base of

tank or reservoir through which fluid is discharge
in the form of a jet.

 The discharge will depend upon the head of the

fluid (H) above the level of the orifice.

 The term small orifice means that the

diameter of the orifice is small compared with the
head producing flow. 2
PURPOSE

 Studying the flow through small orifice

discharging to atmosphere.

 Calculating the coefficient of discharge (Cd).

 Calculating the coefficient of velocity (Cv).

 Calculating the coefficient of contraction (Cc)

3
THEORY

4
,

THEORY

 Two reasons for the difference between theoretical

and actual discharge.

 First: The velocity of jet is less than the velocity

calculated because there is losses of energy between
point A and B.
Vactual  Cv .Vtheo.  Cv 2 gH ,Cv is the coefficient of velocity

5
THEORY

 Second: The stream line of the orifice contract

reducing the area of flow. (Vena Contraction)
Aactual  Cc . A
Where. Cc is the coefficient of contraction.

Qactual  Cv .Cc . A 2 gH

Qactual  Cd A 2 gH
6
Cd in the range [0.6-0.65]
MEASUREMENT OF JET TRAJECTORY

7
CALCULATION

Volume
Volume
Cd =
Q act
 time  C d . A. 2 gH
Q th A. 2 gH time

gx 2 g
X.
Cv =
2y

2y
=
X
x  Cv . 2 H y
2gH 2 gH 2 H y

A act C d
Cc = =
A th C v 8
• Data & Results:

d (mm) 8 5

H (cm) 50 25 50 25

Qth (m3/s)

h
V (L)

t (sec)

Qact (m3/s)

9
 Orifice Diameter d mm 5 8

Head Ho cm 25 50 25 50

Horizontal Distance x cm Vertical Distance below Orifice centre Line y cm

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Slope of Graph
10
Coefficient of Discharge