EXERCISE 1

CHAPTER 11
 QUESTION 1

1. An ideal vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle that uses
refrigerant-134a as its working
fluid maintains a condenser at
1000 kPa and the evaporator at
4°C. Determine
a) the amount of power
required to service a 400 kW
cooling load.
b) this system’s COP.
1. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses
refrigerant-134a as its working fluid maintains a condenser at
1000 kPa and the evaporator at 4°C. Determine
a) the amount of power required to service a 400 kW cooling
load.
b) this system’s COP.
1. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a
as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 1000 kPa and the evaporator
at 4°C. Determine
a) the amount of power required to service a 400 kW cooling
load.

(i) FIND THE PROPERTIES AT EACH STATE (1,2,3,4):

T1  4C  h1  hg @ 4C  252.82kJ / kg


sat .vapor s1  s g @ 4C  0.92946kJ / kg  K
P2  1MPa 
h2  275.38kJ / kg
s2  s1 
P3  1MPa 
h3  h f @1MPa  107.34kJ / kg
sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  107.34kJ / kg
1. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a
as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 1000 kPa and the evaporator
at 4°C. Determine
a) the amount of power required to service a 400 kW cooling load.

(ii) GIVEN ǬL =400kW=400kJ/s, FIND ṁ

 h1  h4 
Q L  m
Q L 400kJ / s

m 
h1  h4  252.82  107.34kJ / kg
 2.750kg / s

(iii) FIND Ẇin T1  4C  h1  hg @ 4C  252.82kJ / kg


sat .vapor s1  s g @ 4C  0.92946kJ / kg  K
 h2  h1 
Win  m P2  1MPa 
h2  275.38kJ / kg
s2  s1
 2.750kg / s 275.38  252.82kJ / kg

P3  1MPa 
h3  h f @1MPa  107.34kJ / kg
 62.04kW sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  107.34kJ / kg
1. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that uses refrigerant-134a
as its working fluid maintains a condenser at 1000 kPa and the evaporator
at 4°C. Determine
b) this system’s COP.

Q L
COPR 
Win
400kW
  6.447
62.04kW
 QUESTION 2
2. A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid
and operates on an ideal vapour-compression
refrigeration cycle between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass
flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s. Show the cycle
on T-s diagram with respect to saturation line.
Determine
(a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space
and the power input to the compressor
(b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment,
(c) the coefficient of performance
 2. A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and
operates on an ideal vapour-compression refrigeration cycle between
0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s.
Show the cycle on T-s diagram with respect to saturation line.
Determine
(a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the
power input to the compressor
(i) FIND THE PROPERTIES AT EACH STATE (1,2,3,4):

P1  120kPa h1  hg @120kPa  236.99kJ / kg


sat .vapor  s1  s g @120kPa  0.94789kJ / kg  K
P2  0.7 MPa 
h2  273.56kJ / kg
s2  s1 
P3  0.7 MPa 
h3  h f @ 0.7 MPa  88.82kJ / kg
sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  88.82kJ / kg
 (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the
power input to the compressor
(ii) FIND ǬL & Ẇin

 h1  h4 
Q L  m
 0.05kg / s 236.99  88.82kJ / kg
 7.41kW

 h2  h1 
Win  m

 0.05kg / s 273.56  236.99kJ / kg P1  120kPa h1  hg @120kPa  236.99kJ / kg


sat .vapor  s1  s g @120kPa  0.94789kJ / kg  K
 1.83kW P2  0.7 MPa 
h2  273.56kJ / kg
s2  s1 
P3  0.7 MPa 
h3  h f @ 0.7 MPa  88.82kJ / kg
sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  88.82kJ / kg
 (b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment,

(iii) FIND ǬH

 h2  h3 
Q H  m
 0.05kg / s 273.56  88.82kJ / kg
 9.237kW

P1  120kPa h1  hg @120kPa  236.99kJ / kg


sat .vapor  s1  s g @120kPa  0.94789kJ / kg  K
P2  0.7 MPa 
h2  273.56kJ / kg
s2  s1 
P3  0.7 MPa 
h3  h f @ 0.7 MPa  88.82kJ / kg
sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  88.82kJ / kg
 (c) the coefficient of performance

(iv) FIND COPR

Q L
COPR 
Win

7.41kW
  4.05
1.83kW

P1  120kPa h1  hg @120kPa  236.99kJ / kg


sat .vapor  s1  s g @120kPa  0.94789kJ / kg  K
P2  0.7 MPa 
h2  273.56kJ / kg
s2  s1 
P3  0.7 MPa 
h3  h f @ 0.7 MPa  88.82kJ / kg
sat .liquid 
h4  h3 (throttling )  h4  88.82kJ / kg
 QUESTION 3
3. A gas refrigeration system (as in Figure Q3.1) using air as the working fluid has a
pressure ratio of 5. Air enters the compressor at 0°C. The high pressure air is cooled to
35°C by rejecting heat to the surroundings. The refrigerant leaves the turbine at -80°C
and then it absorbs heat from the refrigerated space before entering the regenerator.
The mass flow rate of air is 0.4 kg/s. The isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and
the turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. Using constant specific heats at room
temperature,
(a) Determine the effectiveness of the regenerator
(b) Determine the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space.
(c) Determine the COP of the cycle
(d) Determine the refrigeration load and COP if this system operated on the simple
gas refrigeration cycle. Use the same compressor inlet temperature as given,
and the same compressor and turbine efficiencies.

Figure 3.1
 A gas refrigeration system (as in Figure Q3.1) using air as the working fluid has a
pressure ratio of 5. Air enters the compressor at 0°C. The high pressure air is cooled
to 35°C by rejecting heat to the surroundings. The refrigerant leaves the turbine at
-80°C and then it absorbs heat from the refrigerated space before entering the
regenerator. The mass flow rate of air is 0.4 kg/s. The isentropic efficiencies of the
compressor and the turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. Using constant specific
heats at room temperature,
T1 =273.2K

i) Gather the information: T5 =193.2K

T1  0C  273.2 K m  0.4kg / s
T3 =308.2K
T3  35C  308.2 K C  0.80
T5  80C  193.2 K T  0.85

ii) Find the properties of air at room temperature:

cP  1.005kJ / kg  K FROM TABLE A-2

k  1.4
(iii) From isentropic relations; find T2s and T5s
 k 1 k
 P2 
T2 s  T1    273.2 K 5  432.4 K
0.4 1.4

 P1 
 k 1 k
P 
0.4 1.4
1
T5 s  T4  5   T4  
 P4  5

(iv) From compressor efficiency, find T2 472.5K

h2 s  h1 T2 s  T1 432.4K
C  
h2  h1 T2  T1

432.4  273.2
0.8  T2  472.5K
T2  273.15
(v) From turbine efficiency & isentropic relation, find T4
SOLVING THE
h4  h5 T  T5 T  193.2 SIMULTANEOUS
T   4  4 EQUATIONS TO FIND T4
h4  h5 s T4  T5 s T4  T5 s
 k 1 k
 P5 
0.4 1.4
1
T5 s  T4    T4  
 P4  5

T4  281.3K

(iv) Write the energy balance for regenerator to find T6

472.5K
 c p T3  T4   m
m  c p T1  T6  432.4K

T3  T4   T1  T6 
T6  T1  T3  T4
281.3K
 273.2  308.2  281.3  246.3K
246.3K
(a) Determine the effectiveness of the regenerator

h3  h4 T3  T4 308.2  281.3
 regen     0.434
h3  h6 T3  T6 308.2  246.3

(b) Determine the rate of heat removal from the

refrigerated space, ǬL
472.5K
432.4K
 c p T6  T5 
Q L  m

 0.4kg / s 1.005kJ / kg  K 246.3 193.2K

 21.36kW 281.3K

246.3K
(c) Determine the COP of the cycle

Q L Q L
COP  

Wnet ,in WC ,in  WT ,out

 c p T2  T1 
WC ,in  m
 0.4kg / s 1.005kJ / kg  K 472.5  273.2K
 80.13kW

 c p T4  T5 
472.5K
WT ,out  m 432.4K

 0.4kg / s 1.005kJ / kg  K 281.3 193.2K

 35.43kW
281.3K
Q L 21.36
COP    0.478
 
WC ,in  WT ,out 80.13  35.43 246.3K
(d) Determine the refrigeration load and COP if this system operated on the
simple gas refrigeration cycle. Use the same compressor inlet
temperature as given, and the same compressor and turbine efficiencies.
 k 1 k
P 
0.4 1.4
1
T4 s  T3  4   308.2 K    194.6 K 472.5K
 P3  5

T3  T4 308.2  T4
T  0.85 
T3  T4 s 308.2  194.6
T4  211.6K

 c p T1  T4 
Q L  m 211.6K
194.6K
 0.4kg / s 1.005kJ / kg  K 273.2  211.6K
 24.74kW
(d) Determine the refrigeration load and COP if this system operated on the
simple gas refrigeration cycle. Use the same compressor inlet
temperature as given, and the same compressor and turbine efficiencies.

 c p T2  T1   m
Wnet ,in  m  c p T3  T4 

 472.5  273.2  308.2  211.6K

 0.4kg / s 1.005kJ / kg  K 

 41.32kW
Q L 24.74
COP    0.599

Wnet ,in 41.32 472.5K

211.6K
194.6K