First Year Science

Solutions & Crystallisation

 In this topic:
• Definitions: Solutes, solvent and solution

• Concentrated and dilute

• Soluble and insoluble

Growing crystals
•• Saturation
 Solutions & Crystallisation
Who can tell me what the following mean?
• Solute
• Solvent
Solute: a substance E which dissolves
• Solution
Solvent: substance Ein which a solute
dissolves (usually a liquid)

Solution: Formed when

E a solute dissolves
in a solvent
Concentrated and dilute
 Soluble and insoluble
E
Soluble: a substance which dissolves

E
dissolve

Copper sulfate & water Chalk and water

 Saturation

Saturated solutionE: contains as much

dissolved solute as possible
 Effect of heat on solubility

When you heat a solution, more solute will dissolve in it

 What happens when a solute
dissolves?
• Does the volume change? NO
 What happens when a solute
dissolves?
• What happens to the mass? No loss of mass
 Growing our crystals
1. Heat our copper sulfate solution to dissolve
as much as possible
Teacher: Everyone:
cool solution rapidly Cool solution slowly
Cool RAPIDLY Small crystals

Cool SLOWLY Large crystals

 Solubility
Solubility: the mass (g) of a solute that
dissolves in 100 g of
E the solvent at a given

temperature
• Depends on:
– Volume of solvent
– Temperature of solvent
• The hotter a solvent, the more solute that will
dissolve
 Solubility curve
• Plots:
– X axis: Temperature (°C)

– Y axis: Solubility (g per 100 g solvent)

• How do you plot a curve?

Copper sulfate solubility curve
• 20°C:
solubility =
20 g per
100 g water
• 60°C:
solubility =
40 g per
100 g water
 Chapter 18:
Solutions and Crystallisation

DONE!!