Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemistry in Our Lives
Chemistry in Our Lives
• a car is started
• tarnish is removed from silver
• fertilizer is added to help plants
grow
• food is digested
• electricity is produced from
burning natural gas
• rust is formed on iron nails
Everything in our lives from materials
to life involve chemistry
• glass (SiO2)n
• metal alloys
• chemically treated water
• plastics and polymers
• baking soda, NaHCO3
• foods
• fertilizers and pesticides
• living beings
Chemicals in Toothpaste
The Scientific Method
1 in. = 2.54 cm
Volume
is the space occupied
by a substance
the unit of volume is the
liter (L) in the metric
system
1 L = 1.06 qt
The mass of an object
is a measure of the quantity of material it contains
the unit gram (g) or kilogram (1000 g) is used
Despite this important difference, we will use these two terms interchangeably
The temperature
indicates how hot or cold a
substance is
the Celsius (C) scale is used
in the metric system
the Kelvin (K) scale is also
used
18 °C is 64 °F on this
thermometer
On the C scale, the melting point of ice is 0 C and boiling point of
water is 100 C
10-3*105 = 102
120.55 m 5
0.0055 in 2
2
1200 m
A. Exact numbers are obtained by
2. counting
3. definition
Example:
110.5 x 0.048 = 5.304 = 5.3
4SFs 2SFs calculator 2SFs
Addition and Subtraction
When adding or subtracting, use
the same number of decimal places as the
measurement with the fewest decimal places
B. 58.925 – 18.2 =
1) 40.725
2) 40.73
3) 40.7
An equality
states the same measurement in two different units
can be written using the relationships between two
metric units
1m/100cm = 1; 1m/1000mm = 1
1 = 100cm/1m; 1 = 1000mm/1m
volume has the dimensions of
length cubed
Several equalities can be
written for mass
1 kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg
1 mg = 0.001 g
Some Common Equalities
• An injured person loses 0.30 pints of blood.
How many milliliters of blood would that be?
0.30pt*1qt/2pt = 0.15qt; 0.15qt*946mL/qt = 141.9 mL; 140 mL
0.30pt*2pt/1qt = 0.60pt2/qt
• If a person weighs 200 pounds, how many
kiograms does the person weight?
• 200 lb*1 kg/2.2 lb = 90.9 kg
• 200 lb*2.2 lb/1 kg = 440 lb2/kg
If the thickness of the skin fold at the
waist indicates an 11% body fat, how
much fat is in a person with a mass
of 86 kg?
Density
compares the mass of an object to its volume
is the mass of a substance divided by its volume
Density expression:
D = mass = g or g = g/cm3
volume mL cm3
Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density in g/cm3 if 50.0 g of osmium has a volume of
2.22 cm3?
1) 2.25 g/cm3
2) 22.5 g/cm3
3) 111 g/cm3
• The density of the zinc object
can be calculated from its
mass and volume.
d = 68.6g/(45.0-35.5)mL; 68.6g/9.5 mL
d = 7.2 g/mL