Three Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load

Fig.3.31 Three phase half wave controlled rectifier.

  
T1 is triggered at  t        30   
0

6 
 5 
T2 is triggered at  t       150   
0

 6 
 7 
T3 is triggered at  t        2700   
 6 
0 2
Each thytistor conducts for 120 or radians
3

3
  30
  30
  30
 56  
3Vm  
Vdc    sin  t .d   t 
2 
 6  
5
  
3Vm  6

Vdc     cos  t  
2 
 6
 

3Vm   5   
Vdc    cos      cos     
2   6  6 
Note from the trigonometric relationship
cos  A  B    cos A.cos B  sin A.sin B 
  5   5  
  cos  6  cos    sin  6  sin   
3Vm      
Vdc 
2      
  cos   .cos    sin   sin   
 6 6 
3Vm   cos 1500  cos    sin 1500  sin   
Vdc   
2 
  cos  30 0
 .cos    sin  30 0
 sin   

  30

3Vm 

 cos 180 0
 30 0
 cos    sin 180 0
 30 0
 sin   

Vdc 
2 
  cos  30 0
 .cos    sin  30 0
 sin   

Note: cos 1800  300    cos  300 
sin 1800  300   sin  300 

3Vm 

 cos  30 0
 cos    sin  30 0
 sin   

Vdc 
2 
  cos  30 0
 .cos    sin  30 0
 s in   

  30

Vdc 
3Vm
2 
 2 cos  30 0
 cos    

3Vm  3 
Vdc  2  cos   
2  2 
3Vm 3 3Vm
Vdc   3 cos     cos  
2   2
3VLm
Vdc  cos  
2
Where VLm  3Vm  Max. line to line supply voltage
  30

The maximum average or dc output voltage is

obtained at a delay angle   0 and is given by
3 3 Vm
Vdc max   Vdm 
2
Where Vm is the peak phase voltage.
And the normalized average output voltage is
Vdc
Vdcn  Vn   cos 
Vdm
  30 5 / 6 
3
Vdc 
2 
 V

/ 6
m sin  t d t

3 3 Vm
Vdc  cos   0.827Vm cos 
2
3
Vdc  VLL cos   0.675VLL cos 
2

3 3 Vm
I dc  cos 
2 * * R
0.827 *Vm
I dc  cos 
R
  30
5 / 6 
Vrms 
3
 V sin  t  d t
2

2
m
 
/ 6

1 3
Vrms  3 Vm  cos 2
6 8

3 Vm 1 3
I rms   cos 2
R 6 8
 > 30
 > 30
 > 30 
3
Vdc 
2 
 V

/ 6
m sin  t dt

3 Vm   
Vdc 
2 1  cos  6   
  
  
Vdc  0.4775Vm 1  cos    
 6 

3 Vm   
I dc  1  cos    
2 R  6 
 > 30

Vrms 
3
 V sin  t  d t
2

2
m
 
/ 6

5  1
Vrms  3 Vm   sin(  / 3  2 )
24 4 8 

3 Vm 5  1
I rms    sin( / 3  2 )
R 24 4 8 
Example 7 Three-phase half-wave controlled rectfier is connected to 380 V
three phase supply via delta-way 380/460V transformer. The load of the
rectfier is pure resistance of 5  . The delay angle   25o . Calculate: The
rectfication effeciency (b) PIV of thyristors

3
Vdc  VLL cos 
2
3
Vdc  460 cos 25  281.5V
2
Vdc 281.5
I dc    56.3 A
R 5
 1 3
Vrms  2 VLL *  cos 2
6 8
1 3
 2 * 460 *  cos 2 * 25  298.8 V
6 8

Vrms 298.8
I rms    59.76 A
R 5

Vdc I dc
 *100  88.75%
Vrms I rms

PIV  2 VLL  2 * 460  650.54 V

Example 8 Solve the previous example (evample 7) if the firing angle   60o

3 Vm   
Vdc 
2 1  cos  6   
  
 2
3   * 460
3      
Vdc   1  cos     179.33 V
2   6 3 

Vdc 179.33
I dc    35.87 A
R 5

5  1
Vrms  3 Vm   sin( / 3  2 )  230V
24 4 8 
 Vrms 230
I rms    46 A
R 5

Vdc I dc
 *100  60.79 %
Vrms I rms

PIV  2 VLL  2 * 460  650.54 V

 Three Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier With DC Load Current

Fig.3.36 Three Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier With DC Load Current
t=0
 2 / 3
2 2 I dc  2n 
bn 
  I dc sin( n t ) d t 
n 
1  cos
3 

0

2 I dc 3
Then, bn  * for n=1,2,4,5,7,8,10,…..
n 2

And bn  0 For n=3,6,9,12

3I dc  1 1 1 1 
i p (t )  sin t  sin 2t  sin 4t  sin 5t  sin 7t  ......
  2 4 5 7 
 3I dc  1 1 1 1 
i p (t )  sin t  sin 2t  sin 4t  sin 5t  sin 7t  ......
  2 4 5 7 

22
I I
2 2 I p
THD   1 2
p p1
Ip  * I dc
I p21 I p21 3

2 2 9 2
I dc  I dc
3I dc 3 2 2
I p1  THD   68 %
2 9 2
I
2 dc
2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1  1 1  1   1   1   1 
THD                             ....  68 %
 2   4   5   7   8   10   11   13   14 
Example 9 Three phase half wave controlled rectfier is connected to
380 V three phase supply via delta-way 380/460V transformer. The load
of the rectfier draws 100 A pure DC current. The delay angle,   30 o .
Calculate: (a) THD of primary current. (b) Input power factor.

460
the peak value of primary current is 100*  121.05 A .
380

2
I P, rms  121.05 *  98.84 A
3
3I dc 3 *121.05
I P1    81.74 A
2 2
 2
 I P ,rms 
THD I     1 *100
 I P1 
P

2
 98.84 
THD I     1 *100  67.98 %
P
 81.74 

I P1  
P. f  * cos   
I P ,rms  6
81.74   
P. f  * cos    0.414 Lagging
98.84 6 6
 Three Phase Full Converter
• 3 Phase Fully Controlled Full Wave Bridge Converter.

• Known as a 6-pulse converter.

• Used in industrial applications up to 120kW output power.

• The thyristors are triggered at an interval of  / 3.

• The frequency of output ripple voltage is 6fS.

 Three Phase Full Wave Fully Controlled Rectifier With Resistive Load

•The thyristor triggering sequence is 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 61, 12, 23, 34, ………
 Three Phase Full Wave Fully Controlled Rectifier With Resistive Load

  60 o
  60 o
  / 2 
  60 o 3 
Vdc 
 
 
/ 6
3 Vm sin(  t  ) d t
6
3 3 Vm
Vdc  cos 

 cos   
3 3 Vm Vdc
Vdm  Vn 
 Vdm

 / 2 
 
2
3 
Vrms   3 Vm sin(  t  )  d t
  / 6  6 

1 3 3 
Vrms  3 Vm   cos 2  
2 4  
 
  60 o
  60 o
  60o
  60o 5 / 6
3 
  
Vdc  3 Vm sin(  t  ) d t
/ 6
6

Vdc 
3 3 Vm
1  cos   / 3   


 1  cos   / 3   
3 3 Vm Vdc
Vdm  Vn 
 Vdm

5 / 6
 
2
3 
Vrms   3 Vm sin(  t  )  d t
  / 6  6 

3    
Vrms  3Vm 1  2  cos 2   
4   6 
Example 10 Three-phase full-wave controlled rectifier is connected to
380 V, 50 Hz supply to feed a load of 10  pure resistance. If it is
required to get 400 V DC output voltage, calculate the following: (a) The
firing angle,  (b) The rectfication effeciency (c) PIV of the thyristors.
Example 11 Solve the previous example if the required dc voltage is 150V.
Solution: the average voltage is :

3 3 Vm
Vdc  cos 

2
3 3* * 380
Vdc  3 cos   150V   73o

It is not acceptable result because the above equation valid only for   60
2
3 3* * 380
Vdc  3 1  cos   / 3     150V   75.05 o

Vdc 150
I dc    15 A
R 10
the rms value of the output voltage is:

3    
Vrms  3Vm 1   2  cos 2   
4   6 
 3   
 cos 2 * 75.05  30 
2
Vrms  3 * * 380 * 1   2 * 75.05 *
3  4  180 

Vrms 198.075
I rms    19.8075 A Vrms  198.075 V
R 10
Vdc * I dc 150 *15
 *100  *100  57.35 %
Vrms * I rms 198.075 *19.81

PIV  3 Vm  537.4 V
Industrial Converters
3 Phase Half Controlled Bridge Converter
(Semi Converter)
 Three Phase Semiconverters

• 3 Phase semiconverters are used in

Industrial dc drive applications up to 120kW
power output.
• Power factor decreases as the delay angle
increases.
• Power factor is better than that of 3 phase
half wave converter.
Wave forms of 3 Phase Semiconverter for  > 600
Wave forms of 3 Phase
Semiconverter for
  600
Wave forms of 3 Phase Semiconverter for   600
 To derive an
Expression for the
Average Output Voltage
of 3 Phase Semiconverter
for  >  / 3
and Discontinuous Output Voltage
To derive an Expression for the Average Output Voltage of
3 Phase Semiconverter (Discontinuous Output Voltage )


For   and discontinuous output voltage:
3
the Average output voltage is found from
7

3  6 
Vdc   v .d   t  
2  
ac

 6 
7
  

6
3 
Vdc   3 V sin   t   d   t  
2  
m
 6
 6 
 3 3Vm
Vdc  1  cos  
2
3VmL
Vdc  1  cos  
2
VmL  3Vm  Max. value of line-to-line supply voltage
The maximum average output voltage that occurs at
a delay angle of   0 is
3 3Vm
Vdc max   Vdm 

The normalized average output voltage is
Vdc
Vn   0.5 1  cos  
Vdm
The rms output voltage is found from
1
7
 3 6  2

VO rms    v 2
.d   t  
 2 
ac

 6  
 1
7
 3   2
2
6
VO rms    3V 2
sin   t   d   t  
 2 
m
  6
 6  
1
 3  sin 2   2
VO rms   3Vm      
 4  2 
Average or DC Output Voltage
of a
3-Phase Semiconverter
for  / 3,
and Continuous Output Voltage
Average or DC Output Voltage of a 3-Phase Semiconverter
Continuous Output Voltage


For   , and continuous output voltage
3
 5

3  2 6  
Vdc   v .d   t    v .d   t  
2  
ab ac

 6 2 
3 3Vm
Vdc  1  cos  
2
 Vdc
Vn   0.5 1  cos  
Vdm
RMS value of o/p voltage is calculated by using
the equation
1
 5
 3 2 6   2

VO rms   
2
vab .d  t    vac2 .d  t  
 2  
 6  2 
1
 3  2  2
VO rms   3Vm    3 cos   
2

 4  3 
•3-phase Full Converter With Highly Inductive Load
To Derive An Expression For
The Average Output Voltage
Of
3-phase Full Converter
With Highly Inductive Load
Assuming Continuous And
Constant Load Current
To Derive An Expression For The Average Output Voltage Of
3-phase Full Converter with Highly Inductive Load Assuming
Continuous And Constant Load Current

The output load voltage consists of 6 voltage pulses over

a period of 2 radians, Hence the average output voltage
is calculated as 

2
6
VO dc   Vdc 
2 
 vO .d t ;

6

 
vO  vab  3Vm sin   t  
 6
 

3 2
 
Vdc 
 
 3Vm sin   t   .d t
 6

6

3 3Vm 3VmL
Vdc  cos   cos 
 
Where VmL  3Vm  Max. line-to-line supply voltage
The maximum average dc output voltage is
obtained for a delay angle   0,
3 3Vm 3VmL
Vdc max   Vdm  
 
The normalized average dc output voltage is
Vdc
Vdcn  Vn   cos 
Vdm
The rms value of the output voltage is found from
1

   2

 6 
2
VO rms    vO .d  t  
2

2 
 6
 
 1

   2

 6 
2
VO rms    vab .d  t  
2

2 
 6
 
1

   2

 3
2
2  
VO rms    3Vm sin   t  .d  t  
2

2   6
 6
 
1
1 3 3  2
VO rms   3Vm   cos 2 
 2 4 
 Three Phase Dual Converters
• Used for applications up to 2 mega watt output power
level.
• Dual converter consists of two 3 phase full converters
which are connected in parallel & in opposite directions
across a common load.