Body’s response to the exercise

The Body's Response to Exercise AT THE START AT THE

FINISH 1O MINUTES AFTER THE RACE 1. What are the
two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
How do these systems relate to the three types of
muscle? Two divisions of the peripheral nervous
system is autonomic nervous system and somatic
nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls
voluntary muscles such as the skeletal muscle.
• The The autonomic nervous system controls
involuntary muscles such as such as cardiac
and smooth muscles. 2. Why is the
sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system active just before the race? Its
general action is to mobilize the body's
resources under stress; to induce the fight-or-
flight response. However, constantly active at
a basal level maintain homeostasi
• When Mary is about to race, the pressure and the
stress of having to do her best in the race makes
her autonomic nervous system more active due
to stress. 3. How does the nervous system
influence other body systems at the start of the
race? When they race is almost ready to begin,
Mary's nervous system sends signals to her heart,
causing her respiratory rate to increase. Since
there is an increase in her heart rate, it is causing
her to breath and sweat more in order to
maintain a normal body temperature
• . What is happening to the digestive system
and urinary systems at the start if the race?
Why? When Mary's stress level rises, her
digestive system feedback starts to occur. The
change in her urinary system is occurring due
to her sweating. Since Mary's body is
becoming stressed because of the race, her
kidney's are working harder.
• The kidney's play a large role in the urinary
system; they control a lot of the body's
functions, such as the electrolytes and water
balance in the body. 5. What is happening to
Mary's blood glucose levels right before the
race? Relate this change to energy and ATP.
Since Mary has been constantly sweating, this
causes dehydration at the beginning of the
race.
• Mary has been sweating a lot because her
glucose levels dropped. 6. Why does her
mouth feel dry? At the start of the race, Mary
has many different changes happening to her
body. Her mouth is dry is because her salivary
glands have started to slow down its
production of saliva in the mouth. At some
points, she is not secreting any saliva at all.
• 1. Running at a sprint puts new demands on
Mary's body. What are these demands and
how are they being met? During sprinting,
your body uses the small amount of ATP and
CP it stores to provide energy for the activity.
If the activity continues, it begins to use other
energy systems and it would not be
considered sprinting. 2. Why do Mary's
muscles feel like they are burning? Relate this
burn to the information about ATP production.
• This is because your muscles begin to fatigue.
Your body responds by producing lactic acid;
symptoms include a tingly, burning sensation.
Although this sensation may be a warning the
your muscles are worn out, it DOES mean that
your muscles are becoming stronger. 3. Why
does Mary's respiratory rate increase as she
starts to run? Provide two reasons.
• The rate increases because while she is
running, she is losing more and more oxygen,
so in order to gain that oxygen back, she must
breath heavy in order to maintain the normal
amount of oxygen levels. 4. How does Mary's
increase in heart rate relate to cardiac output?
They are related because an increase in the
cardiac output is due to the increase of both
the heart rate as well as the stroke volume.
• 5. How does the nervous system interact with
the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to
increase the blood flow to the muscles? The
nervous system sends messages to the
respiratory system to supply oxygen to the
blood and remove carbon dioxide. This then
lets the blood in the cardiovascular system go
through the body. 1. Why does Mary’s body
temperature start to increase?
• What is one of the main by-products of muscle
contraction? Every time you contract your muscles during a
workout, you produce energy. Your body uses about 75% of
that energy in the form of heat. Heat from the muscles
then moves to the blood, which circulates throughout your
body, making your temperature rise. Lactic acid is one of
the main by-products of muscle contraction. 2. How does
sweat work for the body? Sweat is produced to help
maintain homeostasis; it's the body's way of cooling itself.
When the sweat gland is stimulated, the cells secrete a
fluid that is mostly water and it has high concentrations of
sodium and chloride and a low concentration of potassium.
• The source of this fluid is the spaces between the cells
(interstitial spaces), which get the fluid from the blood
vessels in the dermis. 3. What part of the brain help
stimulate the sweat glands in the skin? The pituitary
gland via the hypothalamus helps stimulate the sweat
glands in the skin. 4. How does the urinary system deal
with the loss of water through sweat? What did Mary
doe before the race to alleviate this conflict? When you
sweat, you're losing water from your body. The urinary
system in turn reabsorbs more water, via the nephrons
in the kidney, resulting in your urinating less. She made
sure she was well-hydrated before the race
• 5. Why does Mary feel a bit more comfortable during the
middle of the race? Where is she drawing her energy at this
point? Mary feels more comfortable during the middle of
the race because she starts getting her energy from
glucose, using glucose and glycogen to produce more ATP,
through glycolyis. This makes her more comfortable
because she is no longer using ATP. 1. What division of the
autonomic nervous system is at work now? How does this
division impact Mary's other body systems? 2. Explain how
Mary could have lost four pounds in such a short period of
time. Mary's body had many different chemical reactions
within her body during the race. Since she had water in her
body, she sweat all of her water out. Also, losing fats and
sugars could have caused weight loss
• 3. How will Mary's actions and her endocrine system work
to bring her body back into normal water balance? Mary
has lost a lot of water, which caused a loss of sodium. This
resulted in her being dehydrated. 4. Why do Mary's
muscles still feel so sore? Mary was dehydrated after the
race and she could only drink water to help restore the
electrolytes into her cells. Her muscles feel so sore because
she was lacking oxygen producing lactic acid into her
muscle tissues. 1. Why does Mary feel dizzy at the end of
the race? She may feel some dizziness because she has low
blood sugar or some plaque build-up (caused by
cholesterol) on the inside walls of the arteries and disrupts
the blood flow system.
• The dizziness can also be caused by her blood going back to
it's normal flow. 2. Why is Mary’s heart rate and breathing
rate so high even though she has stopped moving? This is
because the heart and lungs are trying to regain oxygen to
the rest of the body. The body needs to cool and warm
down again; heart rate and the beeathing rate will
gradually return back to its normal condition. 3. Why did
Mary only sip water at the end of the race? What could
happen if she drank water too fast? Madison Sistevaris
Bailee Cheathams Jessica Freiburger Tak Jones 1 MINUTE
INTO THE RACE HALFWAY THROUGH THE RACE The
hypothalamus sends a message to the pituitary glands,
which releases ADH
• This travels in the blood to the kidneys and
affects the tubules so more water is
reabsorbed into the blood. As a result, she
makes a smaller volume of more concentrated
urine and the water level in the blood
increases until it's back to normal. The division
is the parasympathetic branch of the
autonomic nervous system.
 Metabolism of skeletal muscle
• 1. Contracting skeletal muscle is able to use a
number of intra- and extramuscular substrates
to generate ATP during exercise. These include
creatine phosphate (CP), muscle glycogen,
blood-borne glucose, lactate and free fatty
acids (FFA), derived from either adipose tissue
or intramuscular triglyceride stores.
• 2. During high-intensity short-duration
exercise, CP degradation and the breakdown
of muscle glycogen to lactate are the major
energy yielding pathways, although oxidative
metabolism can make a significant
contribution. The 'anaerobic' substrates are
also important fuels during the transition from
rest to steady state exercise
• 3. The oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate
and lipid supplies most, if not all, of the ATP
during prolonged submaximal exercise.
Muscle glycogen, blood glucose and FFA are
the key fuels. The relative importance of the
various substrates for exercise metabolism is
primarily determined by exercise intensity and
duration, although training status, dietary
manipulation and environmental factors can
modify the metabolic response to exercise.