Extensions of Haga’s

theorems to silver
ratio rectangles
Haga’s First Theorem Fold
Haga’s First Theorem Fold
Folding any fraction
Folding any fraction
SPECIAL CASE: 1st theorem
 HAGAS SECOND THOERM

Make the fold connecting the midpoint of the top edge and one
lower vertex,C.
Name the midpoint of the top edge as E.The vertex on the top
edge ,when folded connecting the midpont of the top edge
and lower vertex will touch the paper at a point F.Draw a
straight line from this point to the shorter side of the paper
and name it as G.Similarly,draw a line towards the longer side
of the paper and name it as I.
Draw a line through the lower vertex ,C of the paper
passing through F and touching the longer side,AB and
name this point as H. Similarly, draw a line passing
through the upper vertex of the paper passing through
point F and touching the longer side,AB at point J.
Draw another line passing from the midpoint of the
shorter side,AD passing through point F and touching
the longer side ,AB at point K.
AG is 1/9 of AB(short side);G divides AB in 1:8 ratio.
AI is 2/9 of AD(long side);I divides AD in 2:7 ratio.
AJ is 1/4 of AD;J divides AD in 1:3 ratio.
AK is 2/7 of AD;K divides AD in 2:7 ratio.

Other than AJ;G,I,K divide AB and AD in 9 or 7 equal parts i.e in

odd number of parts.
SPECIAL CASE:2nd theorem
Haga’s First Theorem fold on
horizontal layout
 Haga’s First Theorem fold on
horizontal layout
Observations:
a) Length of sides
• DG is 1/4th of the length of DC
• BF id 1/4th of the length of BC

b) Areas Of different sections

• ABFH is 1/4th of the total area
• HFE is 1/2*1/4=1/8th of the total area
• The area of triangle DEG is 1/16th of the rectangle
• The area of triangle EFG is 9/32, which is less than 1/3rd but more than 1/4th
Haga’s First Theorem fold on
horizontal layout
Mathematical Proof:-
Haga’s Second Theorem fold on
horizontal layout

Marking the mid-point on the top Extension of Haga’s second

edge theorem

Making two vertical folds Making two horizontal

about the dot folds about the dot
Haga’s Second Theorem fold on
horizontal layout
Observations Made:

• The horizontal folds divide the rectangle into three

smaller rectangles of equal area.
• The vertical folds divide the rectangle into three smaller
rectangles of equal area.
• The dot seems to be a starting point for dividing the
sides of the rectangle into three equal parts.
Haga’s Second Theorem fold on
horizontal layout
Mathematical Proof of the above observations:-
 Using Standard Copy Paper with Haga's Third
Theorem
• Let the length of the short side of the paper
• be 1. Then the long side has lengthp2. Let HB = x and BG = y. By the
• Pythagorean Theorem on 4HBG,
• x2 + y2 = (1 􀀀 y)2:
• And therefore
• y=
• 1 􀀀 x2
• 2
• : (1)
• Since 4EAH and 4HBG are similar,
• HB : BG = AE : AH; or x : y =
• 1
• 2
• : p2 􀀀 x: (2)
• Equations (1) and (2) together lead to the quadratic equation,
• 3x2 􀀀 4p2x + 1 = 0. Therefore, x =
• 2p2p5
• 3
• .
• Discarding the positive sign and choosing the negative sign we obtain
• x = 0:19745 : : : .
Thank You!