ELEMENTS OF STEEL

STRUCTURE
Aniendhita Rizki Amalia, ST. MT.
Learning Outcomes
 Mampu merancang bangunan teknik sipil yang berkelanjutan (sustainable)
 Mampu mengikuti kaidah (standard/code) yang berlaku
 Mampu menuangkan rancangan dalam bentuk laporan perhitungan dan gambar kerja
 Mampu memahami prinsip-prinsip pelaksanaan konstruksi bangunan teknik sipil yang berwawasan lingkungan.
 Menguasai ilmu dasar dan terapan untuk menunjang upaya perencanaan bangunan teknik sipil secara procedural dan
berwawasan lingkungan
 Mampu bekerjasama dalam kelompok
 Mampu mempertanggungjawabkan hasil rancangan
 Profesional, jujur, etis, proaktif, ulet, percaya diri, komunikatif, dan apresiatif.
KONTRAK PEMBELAJARAN

 Senin – Rabu 07.15 – 08.55

 PR dikumpulkan hari pengumpulan, di luar kelas wajib menemui langsung
 Sakit, lomba, umrah dsb disampaikan sebelum quiz
 Quiz, UTS dimulai pada jam yg sama dgn kelas lain
ELEMENT OF STEEL STRUCTURE
 Mechanical properties of steel material and LRFD
 Tension Member
 Compression Member
 Beam member
 Beam column MID

 Connection – Bolt
 Connection – Weld

Time periode : 16 weeks

 penilaian

tugas quiz1 quiz2 UTS

Books and Code
 Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo (dalam proses revisi)
 Structural Steel Design – Jack C Mc. Cormac
 Structural Steel Design and Behavior – Salmon & Johnson
 SNI 03-1729-2015
 PPIUG 1983 atau SNI 03-1727-2017 / ASCE 7-05
 Tabel Profil Morrisco, Tabel profil khusus, Tabel profil pasaran, Tabel baut

Harus punya dan selalu

dibawa saat kuliah !
Introduction
Steel Structures Design and Behavior
Charles G. Salmon & John E. Johnson
Structural Design
 Structural design may be defined as a mixture of art and science, combining
the experienced engineer’s intuitive feeling for the behavior of the structure
with a sound knowledge of the principles of statics, dynamics, mechanics of
materials and structural analysis, to produce a safe economical structure.
Principles of Design
 Certain criteria that must be established to evaluate whether or not an
optimum has been achieved, typical criteria may be :
1. Minimum cost
2. Minimum weight
3. Minimum construction time
4. Minimum labor
5. Minimum cost of manufacture of owner’s product
6. Maximum efficiency of operation to owner
Design Procedure
Functional design Structural Framework Design
1. Adequate working areas and 1. Selection of the arrangement and
clearances sizes of structural element so that
service loads may be safely
2. Proper ventilation and/or air
carried, and displacement are
conditioning
within acceptable limits.
3. Adequate transpotration facilities,
such as elevators, stairways and
cranes or material handling
equipment
4. Adequate lighting
5. Aesthetics
Design Procedure
General
Planning

Preliminary Structural
Configuration

Loading

Preliminary member
selection NOT
OK

Analysis

OK

Final Design
Chapter I - Overview
Steel Structures Design – Jack Mc Cormac
Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo
Steel as Construction Material
BRIDGE – Blue Water Bridge (St. Claire US – Canada)
http://www.midweststeel.com/projects/steel-bridge-structural-steel-contractor.html
ELECTRICAL TRANMISSION TOWER – PLN PURBALINGGA
http://id.geoview.info/gardu_induk_pln_purbalingga,49441610p
Communication Tower
http://nangkenne.blogspot.com/2013/02/ciri-ciri-bts-indosat-telkomsel-dan-xl.html

http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/10/08/092612849/Desember-Telkomsel-Operasikan-Jaringan-4G
OFFICE - China
http://www.havitsteelstructure.com/steel-structure-office-buildings.html
WAREHOUSE
http://www.tanuwedsmanu.com/manfaat-menggunakan-baja-untuk-bangunan-gudang/
HOUSE - China
http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/9606496/Light_steel_house.html
Rail Coal Crusher
Dokumen pribadi
Roller Coaster – The Swarn - Britain’s Thorpe Park
http://www.businessinsider.com.au/a-new-british-roller-coaster-is-so-extreme-that-test-dummies-returned-from-a-
practice-run-without-limbs-2012-2
Foundation pile
http://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/services/steel-piling
STEEL RETAINING WALL
http://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/harbours-and-waterways-projects/rnli-berth-retaining-wall-hartlepool
 Advantages of steel as structural material
1. High Strength : The high strength of steel per unit
weight means that structure weights will be small.
2. Uniformity : The property of steel do not change
appreciably with times.
3. Elasticity : Steel behave closer to design assumption
than most material because it follows Hooke’s law
4. Permanence : Steel frame that are properly maintained
will last indefinitely.
5. Ductility : The property of a material by which it can
withstand extensive deformation without failure under
high tensile stresses is said to be its ductility.

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Advantages of steel as structural material
5. Fracture Toughness : the ability of steel absorb
energy in large amounts.
6. Addition to Existing Structure: steel structure are
quite well suited to having additions made to them
7. Speed of erection
8. Ability to be rolled into a wide variety of sizes and
shapes
9. Possible reuse after a structure is dissambled
10. Scrap value even though not reusable in its existing
form

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Disadvantages of steel as structural material
1. Maintenance cost : Most steels are susceptible to
corrosion when freely exposed to air and water then
must therefore to be periodically painted.
2. Fireproofing cost : Although structural members are
incombustible, their strength is tremendously reduced
at temperature commonly reached in fires.
3. Susceptibility to Buckling: The longer and slenderer the
compression members, the greater and danger of
buckling
4. Fatigue: when the tension is involved under a large
number variation of cycle tensile stress

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Objectives of the Structural Designer
“As a structural designer we learn to control and to
balance every part of structure and make them easy
and fast to assemble, strength enough and cheap”
 To get the objectives, we need to be supported with
knowledges about:
1. Fabrication level
2. Standar shapes and dimension of steel frame
3. Transportation ability
4. Erection ability

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Safety Factor : Why do we need it?
 Deviation from material strength that were calculated.
Deviation will be greater if there are influence from:
creep, corrosion and yielding.
 Deviation from assumption in calculation
 Unpredictable load
 Fabrication and assemble process that cause high : bent,
hammered, sheared, punched, welded
 Live load assumption based on technology development
 Assumption of live load and dead load
 Variation shapes or dimension of frame

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Safety Factor : What to look forward?
 Type of load: fix or temporary load.
 Building function: Public or personal use.
 Function an element as a primary or secondary structure.

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Construction Failures
 Construction failures usually happen because of less of
attention in : connection detail, deflection, foundation and
its deformation.

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Stress - Strain Relationship

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Steel Material Properties
Mechanical properties of structural steel:
Elastic Modulus : E = 200.000 MPa
Shear Modulus : G = 80.000 MPa
Poisson Ratio : ν = 0,3

Jenis Baja Tegangan putus Tegangan leleh Peregangan

minimum, fu minimum, fu minimum (%)
(MPa) (MPa)

BJ 34 340 210 22

BJ 37 370 240 20

BJ 41 410 250 18

BJ 50 500 290 16

BJ 55 550 410 13

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Steel Material Properties
ASTM CODE Fy Fu
A36
A529
A441
A572
A242
A588
A852
A514
A53
A500
A992
A913

BAB I - OVERVIEW
SPESIFICATION AND CODE
 The important thing to remember about spesifications, therefore, is that they
are not written for the purpose of restricting engineers but for the purpose of
protecting the public.
 Example of specification: ASTM, JIS, SNI
 Example of code: AISC, ASCE, UBC, SNI
LOAD
 Dead Load : loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position.
 Live Load : loads that may change in position and magnitude.
1. Area loads (due to people or machine)
2. Snow /Ice
3. Rain
4. Traffic
5. Impact load
6. Lateral load : Wind & Earth quake
7. Longitudinal loads: brakes load
8. Other life loads: soil pressures, static pressures, uplift pressures, blast loads,
thermal forces
LOAD COMBINATION
Ultimate Load Combination Service Load Combination
 Strength  Deflection

Sesuaikan dengan SNI yang ada, pada 1 Dead Load + 1 Live Load
SNI 03-1729-2015
 Calculation Method – Elastic Method
 (ASD – Allowable Stress Design)
 (WSD – Working Stress Design)
Due to allowable working load that is designed, working
stress have to be less than allowable stress.

y
  SF (Safety Factor) = 1,50
SF

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Calculation Method – Plastic Method (Collapse Design)

 Formed by : Ductile behavior of steel means that there are

reserve strength over the elastic strength .
 Design working load will be multiplied by load factor and will
be designed based on collapse strength.

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Calculation Method – LRFD (Load And Resistance Factor Design)

 Ultimate load (load x load factor) have to be less or equal

than ultimate strength structure.
 Based on Limit State Condition.

 i  Qi  Rn

BAB I - OVERVIEW