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An Introduction To The Finite Element Analysis: Presented by Niko Manopulo
An Introduction To The Finite Element Analysis: Presented by Niko Manopulo
Presented by
Niko Manopulo
Agenda
PART I
Introduction and Basic Concepts
PART II
Mathematical Formulation
PART III
Finite Element Discretization
• Hooke’s Law:
( x) E ( x)
where
du
( x)
dx
• Strain Energy Density:
1
( x) ( x)
2
• External Energy:
L
W qu dx
0
U W
or
[u ( x)] U [u ( x)] W [u ( x)]
d du
L[u ] ( p ( x) ) z ( x)u q ( x), 0 x 1 (1)
dx dx
u (0) u (1) 0.
It follows that:
L[u ] q 0
Multiplying this by a weight function v and integrating over
the whole domain we obtain:
1
(L[u] q)v dx (v, L[u] q) 0
0
(2)
For the inner product to exist v must be “square integrable”
Therefore:
v L2 (0,1)
Equation (2) is called variational form
N
v( x) V ( x) d jy j ( x)
j 1
• The functions fj and yj are of our choice and are meant to be
suitable to the particular problem. For example the choice of
sine and cosine functions satisfy boundary conditions hence it
could be a good choice.
u C 2 (0,1) U C 2 (0,1)
• Therefore we can see U as element of a finite-diemnsional
subspace of the infinite-dimensional function space C2(0,1)
U S N (0 ,1) C 2 (0 ,1)
• The same way
V Sˆ N (0 ,1) L2 (0 ,1)
(V , r ) 0, V Sˆ N
r ( x) L[U ] q
• r(x) is called the residual (as the name of the method suggests)
• The vanishing inner product shows that the residual is orthogonal to
all functions V in the test space.
d (y
j 1
j j , L[U ] q) 0 d j , j 1, 2 , ... , N
(y j , L[U ] q) 0 j 1, 2 , ... , N
d du
L[u ] ( p ( x) ) z ( x)u q( x), 0 x 1
dx dx
u (0) u (1) 0.
1
(v, L[u ] q) v [( pu ' )' zu q] dx
0
• Integrating by parts
1 1
A(v , u ) (v , q) 0
where
1
A(v , u ) (v' pu 'vzu) dx
0
• Now that derivative of v comes into the picture v needs to have more
continoutiy than those in L2. As we want to keep symmetry its
appropriate to choose functions that produce bounded values of
1
A(u , u) ( p(u' ) 2 zu 2 ) dx
0
• As p and z are necessarily smooth functions the following restriction is
sufficient 1
2 2
(u ' ) u dx
0
c A(f
k 1
k j , fk ) (f j , q ) , j 1, 2 , ... , N
1
1 L
U u ' EAu' dx A(v , u ) (v' pu 'vzu) dx
2 0 0
L
W qu dx (v , q )
0
U W 0 A(v , u ) (v , q) 0
c A(f
k 1
k j , fk ) (f j , q ) , j 1, 2 , ... , N
f j 1 ( x) c j 1
U ( x) [c j 1 c j ] [f j 1 ( x) f j ( x)] x [ x j 1 , x j ]
f j ( x) cj
in the same way
f j 1 ( x) d j 1
V ( x) [d j 1 d j ]
f ( x ) [f j 1 ( x) f j ( x)] d x [ x j 1 , x j ]
j j
[ A (V ,U ) (V , q)
j 1
j j ]0
A j (V ,U ) ASj (V , U ) AMj (V , U )
xj
A (V , U )
S
j pV 'U ' dx
x j 1
xj
A (V ,U )
M
j zVU dx
x j 1
xj
(V , q) Vq dx
x j 1
x j 1 / h j c j 1
A (V , U ) [d j 1 d j ] p
S
[1 / h j 1 / h j ] dx
j x j1 cj
1/ hj
x j p 1 1 c j 1 c j 1
A j (V , U ) [d j 1 d j ]
S [d j 1 d j ]K j
x j1 h 2 1 1 c j
dx
j cj
p 1 1
Kj
h j 1 1
cj
zh j 2 1
Mj
6 1 2
h j 2q j 1 q j
lj Element load vector
6 q j 1 2q j
Joint Advanced Student School
St.Petersburg 2005
4.6 Assembling
• Doing the same for the Mass Matrix and for the Load Vector
4 1
1 4 1
zh 1 4 1
N
j
A M
j 1
d T
Mc M
6
... ... ...
1 4 1
1 4
q0 4q1 q2
N
h q1 4q2 q3
(V
j 1
, q ) j d T
l l
6 ...
N 2
q 4 q N 1 q N
[ A (V ,U ) (V , q)
j 1
j j ]0
dT [(K M)c l] 0
• This has to be satisfied for all choices of d therefore
(K M )c l 0
• Carlos Felippa
http://caswww.colorado.edu/courses.d/IFEM.d/IFE
M.Ch06.d/IFEM.Ch06.pdf