THINGKING SKILL

I Made Jawi
Introduction
 Thinking is the highest mental activity
present in man. All human achievements
and progress are simply the products of
thought. The evolution of culture, art,
literature, science and technology are all
the results of thinking.
 DEFINITION
 THINGKING: Exploration of experience for
a purpose, that purpose may be
understanding, decision making, planing,
problem solving, judgment, action and so
on.
 Thinking refers to the process of creating a structured
series of connective transactions between items of
perceived information.
Critical thinking and Creative
thinking
 Critical thinking - critical thinking refers to
reasonable, reflective thinking that is focused on
deciding what to believe or do. Critical thinkers
try to be aware of their own biases, to be
objective and logical.
 Creative thinking - refers to the ability to form
new combinations of ideas to fulfill a need, or to
get original or otherwise appropriate results by
the criteria of the domain in question. Often
thought of as "thinking outside the box."
Critical thinking
 critical thinking is a decision-making process,
carefully considering a problem, claim, question,
or situation in order to determine the best
solution. That is, when you think critically, you
take the time to consider all sides of an issue,
evaluate evidence, and imagine different
scenarios and possible outcomes.

 It is important to keep in mind that all problems

have more than one solution. Keep thinking and
see how many possible answers you can find.
Critical thinking is so important
because it helps you determine

 How to best solve a problem

 Whether to accept or reject a
claim
 How to best answer a question
 How to best handle a situation
The Three Dimensions
of Critical Thinking

Critical
Thinking

Analysis Evaluation Improvement

of thinking of thinking of thinking
by focusing on by focusing on by using what
the parts the standards you learned
Whenever we think

in attempting We think
to answer a for a
question. purpose

based on
concepts and within a
theories point of view

to make based on
inferences and assumptions
judgments
We use leading to
data, facts, implications
and and conse -
experiences quences.
Improving your thinking
Skill
With Knowledge
Knowledge of Yourself
 A Commitment to safety, not following feelings or preference
 Positive Attitudes, persistence, resourcefulness, learning from
failure
 Attention to detail and seeing the big picture; determining relevance,
assessing risk

Knowledge about the Thinking Processes

 Knowing the facts necessary to do a task by seeking information
 Knowing how to do a task, how to scan, understand, and think ahead
 Knowing why certain strategies work, when to use them, why one is
better than another

Knowledge to control your Thinking

 Self evaluation, assessing current technical knowledge, setting
objectives, selecting resources
 Self regulation, checking progress; reviewing choices, procedures,
and objectives
 Planning, choosing and evaluating a path to the objective
 Thinking Formulae
 AGO : Aims Goals Objectives. it is important that the thinker
should be well aware of the aims, goals and objectives. In other
words, a sense of direction is required if one is to use his
thinking effectively.
 CAF : Consider All Factors. It reminds us that all factors or
parameters of a problem should be considered to analyze it. By
doing so, one can avoid the error of partialism in thinking.
 PMI : Plus Minus Interesting. When making decisions, this
technique is very useful. First write down all the plus (i.e.,
positive) suggestions or aspects of a solution. Then write down
all the minus (i.e., negative) aspects. Lastly, write down the
interesting ideas or suggestions or aspects of the same. Now it
is easy to arrive at the best suitable solution of the issue or
problem at hand.
2-11
  OPV : Other People's Views. In this
technique, the thinker thinks from the
perspectibve of the different people
involved in or affected by the decision or
solution.
 APC: Alternatives Possibilities Choices.
In this technique, the thinker generates
as much alternatives, possibilities and
choices for the solution of the problem.
The best suitable one can then be
selected by applying PMI or OPV.

2-12
Conclution
Thinking mean: Comparing, Classifying,
Estimating, Summarizing, Hypothesizing,
Synthesizing, Sequencing, Predicting,
Evaluating, Translating, Reorganizing, Setting,
Prioritise, Setting criteria, Goal setting,
Problem-solving, Decision-making, Justifying
making, Making assumptions, Using analogies,
Imagining, Logical deduction, Identifying
pros/cons, Identifying propaganda, Identifying,
Observing, Creating/designing and Interpreting
www.similima.com 14