MEIOSIS

From the Greek word which means

“to make smaller”
 Meiosis reduces the
chromosomes number in half.
 It takes place in plants and
animals whenever gametes or
sex cell formed through the
process of GAMETOGENESIS.
 MEIOSIS
• Is special type of cell division where the cell
undergoes two rounds of cell division to
produce four daughter cells, each with half
the chromosome number as the original
parent cell and with a unique set of genetic
material as a result of exchange of
chromosome segment during the process of
crossing over.
 FOUR STAGES OF
MEIOSIS I
1. PROPHASE I
2. METHAPHASE I
3. ANAPHASE I
4. TELOPHASE I
 PROPHASE I
Five sub stages
A. LEPTOTENE-each
chromosomes is made up of
two long threads of sister
chromatids as a result of
replication during the S phase
of the cell cycle.
B. ZYGOTENE
• The chromosomes begin to pair off.
• The pair of chromosomes are called homologous
chromosomes.
C. PACHYTENE
• The chromosomes contact due to repeated
coiling
• Crossing over takes place where a segment of a
sister chromatid of one chromosomes is
exchanged with the same segment of the sister
chromatids of homologous chromosomes
through the formation of a cross-linkage of the
segment called chiasma .
 D.
• DIPLOTENE
The chromosomes begins to uncoil.
E. DIAKINESIS
• the chromosomes disperse in the nuclues

Metaphase I
 Paired chromosomes arrange
themselves along the equatorial
plate or metaphase plate.
 Anaphase i
• Spindle fibers form and attach to the
centromeres of the chromosomes.
• Homologous chromosomes separate from
each other completely
• The chromosomes starts to move toward
the poles of the cell.
• As the centromere of each chromosome
does not divide, the sister chromatids
remains together.
 Telophase i
• Stage when the chromosomes reach
their respective poles.
• Cytokinesis fallows and two daughter
cells are formed.
• Each cells has only half the
chromosomes number because only one
chromosomes from each pair goes to
the daughter cell.(haploid)
 Meiosis ii
• The second meiotic division
• Consist of following stages prophase II,
metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II.
these stages are identical with the mitotic
stages. The results are 4 cells, 2 from each
daughter cell from meiosis I with ½ the
diploid chromosomes number and with
only one sister chromatid from each
chromosomes.