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Rotational Motion
Angular Position, θ
The angular position θ of an object is the angle at which it
oriented, measured from some arbitrary reference point.
Angular velocity describes the speed of rotation and the orientation of the
instantaneous axis about which the rotation occurs. The direction of the
angular velocity vector will be along the axis of rotation; in this case
(counter-clockwise rotation).
Angular acceleration, α
Angular acceleration, α is the rate of change in angular velocity with
respect to time.
d
dt
Unit: Radians per second (rads-2)
Torque, τ (tau)
The torque on the object is defined as the product of the force applied
to the object and the smallest distance between the line action of the
force and the object’s axis of rotation.
( force applied )( perpendicular dis tan ce )
Fr sin
where θ is the angle between vector r and the vector F.
The direction of the torque is clockwise if it tends to cause a clockwise
rotation and counter clockwise if it would tend to cause a counter
clockwise rotation
In physics, a torque (τ) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to
rotate an object about some axis. The magnitude of a torque is defined as force
times its lever arm. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of
as a twist.
The Magnetic Field
Four basic principles describe how magnetic fields are used in
electrical machines (transformer, motor, and generator):
d
eind
dt
where eind is the voltage induced in the turn of the coil and Ф is the
flux passing through the turn.
If a coil has N turns and if the same flux passes through all of them,
then the voltage induced across the whole coil is given by
d
eind N
dt
F i( lxB )
The direction of the force is given by the right hand rule. If the
index finger of the right hand points in the direction of the
vector l and the middle finger points in the direction of flux
density vector B, then the thumb points in the direction of the
resultant force on wire.
F= ilBsin θ
where θ is the angle between the wire and the flux density
vector
eind (vxB) l
Where v = velocity of the wire
B = magnetic flux density vector
l = length of the conductor in the magnetic field
- B
-
- -
eind
l
v
300
++
+
+
vB