GENETIC ENGINEERING

The Science of Genetic Alteration

 Learning Objectives
• Explain the process of genetic engineering.
• Illustrate the basic steps of genetic
engineering.
• Evaluate the pros and cons of genetic
modified organisms.
What is the difference between
the mice in these two groups?
Genetic Engineering
-is the modification of an
organism's
genetic composition by
artificial means, often
involving the transfer of
specific traits, or genes,
from one organism into a
plant or animal of an
entirely different species
CORE IDEA
 What Transgenic means
• 'Trans-' means “crossing from one place to another”

• The ‘genic’ means “genes”

• So it means that bits of genes from different living

things have been bolted together and spliced into
another organism to make a new one which does
something which the scientists want it to do.
Transgenic organisms
-also
called genetically
modified
organisms or GMOs,
areorganisms that are
created through the
modification of their
genomes (genetic
make-ups)
 5 Basic Steps in Genetic Engineering
1. Isolation
2. Cutting

3. Ligation and Insertion

4. Transformation

5. Expression
1. Isolation of Genes

Look for the

gene for a
specific trait
that you want
from the DNA
donor.
 Plasmid
-a small, circular,
double-stranded
DNA molecule that
is distinct from a
Isolate Plasmid
cell's chromosomal
DNA.
2. Cutting

Donor DNA

Plasmid Sticky Ends

Restriction Enzymes
• DNA-cutting enzymes
DNA SPLICING
• process by which
the DNA of an
organism is cut and
a gene, perhaps
from another
organism, is
inserted.
 DNA Ligase

http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap10.html#Sticky_ended_cut

Ligation –rejoining cut fragments of DNA and

forming artificial recombinant molecules
3. Ligation and Insertion
 4. Transformation

Recombinant DNA introduced into bacterial cell

Bacterial
cell
Bacterial
chromosome

Recombinant DNA
 5. Expression
Bacterial cell reproduces by Binary Fisson

Bacterial cell produces the polypeptide

Coded for by the donor DNA
 Summary of Steps
Donor DNA
Plasmid

1. Cut with restriction

enzymes
Donor DNA
Sticky
Ends

2. Ligase bonds
sticky ends Recombinant DNA
together
Advantages and Disadvantages
Cause of Death of
Filipinos?
Other Reasons to Genetically Modify Crops
• Insect resistant
• Herbicide resistant
• Drought/freeze resistant
• Disease resistant
• Higher yield
• Faster growth
• Improved nutrition
• Longer shelf life
 TASK
• GROUP 1 and 2- Illustrate the process of
genetic engineering in a manila
paper/cartolina.
• GROUP 3-Report the different uses of
genetically modified organisms and classify
them according to pharmaceutical, industrial,
agricultural and other industries
Group 4 will be given an article in the Philippine
Star, where the “Philippines is now the biggest
grower of GM crops.” They will discuss its
implication economically, politically, ecologically,
etc.
• GROUP 5- Make a poster/slogan showing the
disadvantages of genetic engineering.
 TRUE or FALSE
1. Genetic engineering, the artificial
manipulation, modification, and recombination
of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order
to modify an organism or population of
organisms.
2. DNA cutting is aided by DNA ligase.
3.The correct sequence of the basic steps of
genetic engineering is IsolationCutting
Ligation and insertion
TrasformationExpression.

4. Bacterial cells are ideal to be a vector because

they reproduce sexually therefore, allowing
genetic variations on the recombinant DNA.
5. Genetic Engineering has both advantages and
disadvantages.
• Credits to the owner of the pictures.
GOD BLESS!!!
