Lesson 6

HYDRAULIC TURBINES
Definitions
• Hydraulic turbines are machines that convert the
energy of an elevated water supply into mechanical
energy through a rotating shaft.
• Hydroelectric power plant is a facility where electric
energy is produced by hydroelectric generators. in this
facility :
• water is the main source of energy.
• kinetic energy and potential energy are converted to
mechanical work.
• hydraulic turbine is the prime mover.
 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC TURBI
NES
1. according to the action of water
a. Impulse turbine
b.reaction turbine
2. according to the direction of water flow
a. radial outward
b. radial inward
c. axial or parallel
d. mixed radial
3. according to the position of shaft
a. vertical turbine
1.a Impulse turbine
..
An impulse turbine is a turbine that is driven by high velocity jets
of water or steam from a nozzle directed on to vanes or buckets
attached to a wheel.
Front view
The Impulse Turbine is the most commonly used
type of turbine in domestic systems and one that
operates in air by having a jet of water sprayed
directly at it from a well positioned nozzle.
1.b Reaction turbine
A reaction turbine is a type of turbine that develops torque by
reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid. The operation of
reaction turbines is described by Newton's third law of motion
(action and reaction are equal and opposite).
2. Radial flow
A radial turbine is a turbine in
which the flow of the working
fluid is radial to the shaft.
2.c Axial or parallel flow
..
Water flows through
the turbine parallel to
the axis of rotation.
2.d Mixed flow ...
Water flows through in
a combination of both
radial and axial flows.
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
FORMULAS
Specific Speed
Power developed by the turbine
Turbine Efficiency