EARTH

SUBSYSTEMS
Ear th as a SYS TEM
System
is a set of inter-
connected
components that are
interacting
to form a unified whole
 Ecosystem
is an
example of
a SYSTEM

ORGANISMS are
interrelated and
interacting.
 DID YOU KNOW?

• The Earth system is essentially a CLOSED

SYSTEM.

A closed system is a system in which there is

only an exchange of heat or energy and no
exchange of matter.

• The Earth receives energy from the sun and

returns some of this energy to space.
 Components or
Subsystems of
Earth

Are called “Spheres”

Earth is a very complex place. Although it looks like one
large structure, it's actually got a lot going on that you
may not see if you don't look closely. All of the
processes on Earth are driven by four 'spheres,' which we
describe individually, but are really all connected.
The names of each of these spheres come from Greek
words that describe what they're made of: 'Geo' for
'ground,' 'hydro' for 'water,' 'bio' for 'life' and 'atmo' for
'air.' Let's look at each of the four spheres in a bit
more detail to gain a better understanding of how they
help make up the earth.
Biosphere

 It includes all life forms on

Earth
 It covers all ecosystems-
from the soil to the
rainforest, from
mangroves to coral reefs,
and from plankton-rich
ocean surface to the deep
sea
 E.g. Photosynthesis,
Carbon Cycle
Hydrosphere
 Dynamic mass of water that is
continuously on the move.
 About 70% of the Earth is
covered with liquid water and
much of it is in the form of
ocean water
 Only 3% of Earth’s water is
fresh: two-thirds are in the
form of ice, and the remaining
one-third is present in
streams, lakes and
groundwater.
Geosphere

 Also known as
LITHOSPHERE
 The solid part of the Earth
extends from the surface
to the center.
 It includes the crust,
mantle and core.
Layers of the Earth

 Crust – the light and very thin

outer skin of the Earth
-Continental and
Oceanic
 Mantle – the less dense layer of
the Earth
-Upper and Lower
 Core – the central part of the
Earth and the denser layer
-Inner(solid) and
outer(liquid)
Atmosphere

 It is the thin gaseous layer

that envelope the lithosphere.
 The present atmosphere is
composed of 78%
nitrogen(N), 21% oxygen(O₂),
0.9% argon and trace
amount of Gases.
 One of the most important
processes by which the heat
on the Earth’s surface is
redistributed is through
Atmospheric circulation.
This is the
End of our
Report.
Thank you!