This document discusses fire prevention and response. It defines different types of fires including those caused by natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanoes and those caused by human factors such as transportation accidents. It explains the triangle of combustion that is needed to start a fire involving oxygen, fuel and heat. There are five classes of fire from ordinary combustibles to electrical and metal fires. The stages of a fire are described from ignition to growth to full development and burnout. Methods of heat transfer in a fire and measures to reduce fire hazards through prevention, mitigation and preparedness are outlined.
This document discusses fire prevention and response. It defines different types of fires including those caused by natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanoes and those caused by human factors such as transportation accidents. It explains the triangle of combustion that is needed to start a fire involving oxygen, fuel and heat. There are five classes of fire from ordinary combustibles to electrical and metal fires. The stages of a fire are described from ignition to growth to full development and burnout. Methods of heat transfer in a fire and measures to reduce fire hazards through prevention, mitigation and preparedness are outlined.
This document discusses fire prevention and response. It defines different types of fires including those caused by natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanoes and those caused by human factors such as transportation accidents. It explains the triangle of combustion that is needed to start a fire involving oxygen, fuel and heat. There are five classes of fire from ordinary combustibles to electrical and metal fires. The stages of a fire are described from ignition to growth to full development and burnout. Methods of heat transfer in a fire and measures to reduce fire hazards through prevention, mitigation and preparedness are outlined.
Fire triggered by natural Earthquake 1.In developed countries hazards Volcanic eruption where the cooking gas is Drought and very high distributed through temperature pipelines, massive fire can erupt after an earthquake. 2.Wild fire may break out because of high combustion condition. 3.Pyroclastic materials and lava flow can burn structures and materials along the paths. Fire triggered by human Transportation accidents 1.Car burning because made conditions Chemical explosion of overheating TRIANGLE OF COMBUSTION Combustion, a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame. 1.Oxygen is needed to sustain combustion. 2.There must be fuel or combustible material. 3. Sufficient heat is needed to raise the material to its ignition temperature. 4. A chemical chain reaction should take place in material. Five classes of fire
1.CLASS A FIRE - fires involving ordinary,
combustible materials such as wood ,paper, plastic and fire crackers 2.CLASS B FIRE - fires involving flammable liquids and chemical such as LPG. 3.CLASS C FIRE – Fires involving electricity 4.CLASS D FIRE – fires involving metals STAGES OF FIRE 1.IGNITION STAGE-the first stage where fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat resulting in sustained chemical reaction. - at this stage , the fire can still be controlled by removing one of the elements of fire. - controlled using fire extinguisher. 2.GROWTH- the initial flame becomes another source of heat and additional fuel ignites. the heat transferred through convection and radiation which ignites more combustible materials. 3.FULLY DEVELOPED- presence of more heat coming from the fire itself, the fire spreads and consumes all available fuel . the temperature reaches its peak , and oxygen and other materials are consumed rapidly. 4.DECAY( BURNOUT)- when fire consumes all available fuel, the temperature decreases. Since the heat as an element of fire ceases, the fire gets less intense. TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY CONDUCTION – occurs when the heat passes through direct contact with a solid material.
CONVECTION – is the flow of fluid or gas from hot areas to cooler areas.
RADIATION – heat travels through electromagnetic waves
there is no object or gas through which the heat passed through. FIRE HAZARD MANAGEMENT
FIRE HAZARD RISK
REDUCTION PHASE MEASURES
FIRE PREVENTION 1.Ensuring that the building design follows the
AND MITIGATION standard rules regarding fire safety like having appropriate electrical system ,fire exits, and sprinkler system 2.Proper storage of materials that are combustible , separating them from possible sources of heat 3.Regular inspection of electrical wiring, cooking equipment ,electrical appliances especially air conditioning units 4.Securing fire insurance
FIRE PREPAREDNESS 1.Having a fire contingency plan and warning