Chapter 11

Respiration &
Gas Exchange
Respiration

Aerobic
Anaerobic
Presence of Absence of

Jens Martensson
oxygen oxygen
No alcohol or Alcohol or lactic
lactic acid made acid is made
Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide
made is made by
yeast & plants,
not animals
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > C6H12O6 >
6CO2 + 6H2O + 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
energy 2
Gas exchange in humans
Gas exchange surfaces

• Very thin walls, which allow

gases diffuse across them

Jens Martensson
quickly
• Large surface area, lot of
gas can diffuse across at the
same time
• A rich supply of blood
(surrounded by capillaries)
• A moist respiratory surface,
allow gases to dissolve then
diffuse 3
Pathway to
the lungs
• Air enters the lungs through
the nostrils of the nose. Hairs

Jens Martensson
in the nose trap dust particles
in the air. Thin bones called
turbinal bones are covered by
goblet cells
• The air then passes into the
trachea to the bronchi. One
bronchus goes to each of the
lung and then branches out
into smaller tubes
• Then the gas exchange in
alveoli 4
Breathing Movements
Breathing Breathing Out
In
External contract relax
intercostal

Jens Martensson
muscles
Rib cage up & out Down & in
movement
Diaphragm contracts & Relaxes &
flattens domes upwards
Air is Air expelled
drawn into from the lungs
the lungs 5
Comparison of Inspired &
Expired Air
O2 21% 16%

Jens Martensson
CO2 0.04% 4%
Argon & other noble gases 1% 1%
Water content variable always high
Temperature variable always
warm