WASTE

WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
Water Quality entering and leaving WWTP

INFLUENT STANDARD EFFLUENT STANDARD

WWTP Actual
PARAMETERS Equalization 1 Equalization 2 Equalization 3 Government TMP (Ave. 2005)

pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 6.5-9.0 6.5-8.5 7.66

COD (ppm) 2176.00 140.00 910.00 100.00 50.00 44.18

BOD (ppm) 405.00 260.00 1460.00 50.00 25.00 7.51

TSS (ppm) 287.00 420.00 6570.00 70.00 35.00 17.58

O&G (ppm) 30.00 31.00 140.00 5.00 2.50 2.23

 2. Daily Dump –
wastewater dumped
continuously. Sources:
hot water tank rinse,
phosphate rinse, ED
rinse, caustic strip
rinse, moisture
sanding, floor
washing.

1. Periodic Dump – wastewater dumped on

weekends. Sources: hot water tank dump,
DIP tank dump, surface treatment, rinse
tank dump, top coat sludge pool, caustic
strip dump, DI water equipment, welding
cooling tank, shower tester, drizzle tester,
boiler and cooling tower.

3. Sanitary Waste Water – wastewater comes

from comfort rooms, shower rooms, canteen,
and offices.
Emulsion Break
Sulfuric acid is dosed to lower the pH of
waste water to pH 3-3.5. At this pH, the oils
& greases that formed emulsion with water
are broken down for easy separation
 Coagulation
Alum, Al2(SO4)3, is dosed to reaction tank together
with calcium hydroxide. The alum acts as a
coagulant in which it binds finely divided solids and
colloids into small clusters. Agitation is applied on
the wastewater during the coagulation process

pH Control
Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 is introduced
to raise the pH of the WW to between 5-7.5.
Flocculation
The coagulated particles/small clusters are further
flocculated by dosing suitable amounts of Kurifloc,
a flocculant, so that large flocs of suspended solids
are formed. Formation of these large clusters of
solid particles make the separation much easier.
Flotation
At the flotation tank, air bubbles are introduced
to lift the suspended particles/flocs to the surface
of the water.
A skimmer mechanism skims/scrape this mixture
of flocs and air bubble sludge into the sludge
tank.
 Aeration
At the aeration tank, organic substances
in wastewater are decomposed by the
introduction of micro organisms. This
aerobic treatment oxidises and
decomposes organic substance by
enzyme reactions of micro organisms.

Factors affecting the reactivity of the micro organisms:

1. pH – the most suitable pH range is 7-7.5, and usually a pH range of 6-8 is

maintained.
2. Temperature – the activity of micro-organisms is reduced at temperature
under 10 deg. C or above 40 deg. C. The activated sludge process is
generally operated at a temperature range of 15-30 deg.C.
3. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) – the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the
aeration tank must be over 0.5-1.0 ppm.
4. Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid (MLVSS) – MLVSS in the
aeration tank is generally maintained within the range of 2,000 to 4,000
ppm. Excessively high concentration of sludge may cause deficiency in DO
and excessively low concentration may degredate the quality of treated
water.
Sedimentation
Suspended solids whose density is larger than
that of water are separated at the sedimentation
tank with the aid of natural gravity. The sludge
that settled at the bottom of the tank is pumped
back to the aeration tank continuously so that
the bacteria can be returned for biochemical
oxidation reaction.
 Filtration
Dual media filter contains
porous substance layers in
particular sand, gravel and
anthracite and is used as a
means of filtering undissolved
solid particles in the treated
water.

TREATED
WATER
Sludge Tank
The sludge at the sludge tank is
treated by anion polymer and
cation polymer at sludge
conditioning tank 1 and 2
respectively.
The cationic and anionic polymer
are used for neutralization of pole
charges for floc formation to
further obtain tough and large flocs
with less water content.
 Belt Press
Belt press is a dewatering machine
where sludge are presses by
dewatering roll and uniform cakes
are formed. The cakes formed are
collected in a tonner bag for
disposal.

SLUDGE
END