DIRECT AND

INDIRECT
◦Direct speech is also called quoted speech or direct narration.
Direct speech refers exactly what someone has said. Direct
speech appear within quotation marks (".."). A comma is used
before starting the exact quote within the quotation marks.
Direct speech should be word for word. The first letter of the
quotation begins with a capital letter.

◦Indirect speech is also called reported speech or indirect

narration. Indirect speech does not refer exactly what
someone has said. Indirect speech doesn't appear within
quotation marks but the word "that" may be used as a
conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech.
Indirect speech shouldn't be word for word. Pronoun in
indirect speech is changed according to2014.
Joshi,manik. speaker andindirect
Direct and hearer.speech,
English speaking.
◦Direct speech is a sentence that is spoken directly
by the speaker.

◦Indirect speech are sentences that say / report back

someone's words without changing the intent or
contents of the speaker's words. Indirect speech can
also be called reported speech .

Supono,idi.Direct speech
indirect speech.
◦Direct speech adalah bentuk kalimat kutipan asli dari
pembicara atau pendapat seseorang tanpa mengalami
perubahan.

◦Indirect speech/ reported speech adalah kalimat tidak

langsung atau kalimat orang lain yang diulangi dalam
bentuk lain oleh pembicara, tanpa menggunakan bentuk
yang sama (the exact word of the speaker), tapi masih
mempertahankan maksud atau isi kalimat aslinya.

2007 . Cara mudah. Tim Matrix

Media Literata
 Examp
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech le
 1. Present Tense Past Tense
Example :

 2. Present Continuous Past Continuous 1. Present tense become Past tense
Direct : Andre said, “ I study every day.”
 3. Past Tense Past Perfect (Had +
Verb-3) Indirect : Andre said that he studied every
 4. Past Continuous Past Perfect day.
Continuous
(had been + verb-ing)
 5. Present Perfect Past Perfect
2. Present continuous become Past
continuous
 6. Present Perfect Past Perfect Direct : Riana told me, “Tom is working
Continuous Continuous
now.”
 7. Present Future Past Future Tense
(Simple/Continuous) (Simple/ Continuous) Indirect : Riana told me Tom was working
 8. Past Future Tense Past Perfect Tense then.
(Simple/Continuous) (Simple/Continuous)
3. Past tense become Past perfect
Direct : Jeni told me, “I made a cake
yesterday.”
Example :
 Direct : “I am tired”
Indirect : He said that he was
tired.

 Direct : “You are clever”

Indirect : He said that I was clever

 Direct : “Susan has a doll”

Indirect : He said that Susan had a
doll.
This Menja That
Here di There
Now Menja Then
Ago di Before *Example
Yesterd Menja The day before
 Direct : David said, “ I like this tie”
ay diMen The following
Tomorr jadi day
Indirect : David said that he liked that tie.
ow Menja The following
Next di week  Direct : The man said, “You have to wait
week Menja
here.”
di
Menja Indirect : The man said that i had to wait
di there.

 Direct : Metty told me, “Arman is sleeping

now.”
ANY QUESTION ??
 Excercise
1. Jack said, “I shall be 21 tomorrow”.

a. Jack said that he would be 21 tomorrow

b. Jack said that he would be 21 the following day

c. Jack said that he should be 21 the following day

2. Specify indirect from the word “I have a cat” !

3. When the sentence direct present continous tense, we must change the
sentence indirect ?

4. They said that I went to Jakarta. Change the sentence to indirect sentence !

5. Do you understand about direct and indirect ? If you understand make a

sentence about direct and inderct, and if you dont understand make a reason?