WATER DISTRIBUTION

GROUP 8
BTM 5
 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
 The physical works that deliver water from the
water source to the intended end point or user.
It is designed to deliver sufficient water
quantity and quality to meet the requirements
of the customer.
 Typically assisted by ;
 Pumps/Motors
 Storage Tanks/ Reservoirs
 LEVEL OF SERVICE

 Sufficient water for

domestic/commercial/industrial
operations
Domestic/commercial/industrial use
plus available for fire protection
 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
 Typically are buried in the earth for;
 Convenience
 Frost protection
 Prevention of physical damage
 Restraint of the forces of internal
pressure
 WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE
 Considerations for choosing the materials for water pipes
 Working pressure
 Surging pressure
 Depth that pipe will be buried
 Corrosiveness of soils
 Earth-loading ground wate
 Accessibility
 Proximity to other utilities
 Potential sources of contamination
 PIPE SIZES

 Varies from 13mm (1/2 in) in

diameter for water services to
600mm (2ft) in diameter
Size of the pipe is related to its
working pressure
 MAINTENANCE
Preventive Maintenance
 Refilling chemical feed tanks
 Backwashing Sand Filters
 Changing Cartridge Filters
 Cleaning UV light Systems
 Recharging water softeners
 MAINTENANCE

 Breakdown Maintenance
 Leak tracing/ test
 Replacement of leaking components
 TYPES
 STEEL PIPES
 GALVANIZED STEEL IRON PIPES
 CAST IRON PIPES
 CONCRETE CEMENT AND ASBESTOS
CEMENT PIPES
 PLASTICISED POLY VINYL CHLORIDE PIPES
STEEL PIPES
 STEEL PIPES
 Galvanised steel or iron is the traditional piping material in
the plumbing industry for the conveyance of water and
wastewater.
 The use of galvanised steel or iron as a conveyer for drinking
water is problematic where water flow is slow or static for
periods of time because it causes rust from internal
corrosion.
 Galvanised steel or iron piping may also give an unpalatable
taste and smell to the water conveyed under corrosive
conditions
CAST IRON PIPES
 CAST IRON PIPES
 Cast iron pipes are quite stable and well suited for high
water pressure.
 Cast iron pipes are heavy, which makes them unsuitable
for inaccessible places due to transportation problems.
In addition, due to their weight they generally come in
short lengths increasing costs for layout and jointing.
GALVANIZED IRON
 GALVANIZED STEEL IRON

 Galvanized steel or iron piping may also give

an unpalatable taste and smell to the water
conveyed under corrosive conditions
 Galvanized steel or iron is the traditional
piping material in the plumbing industry for
the conveyance of water and wastewater.
CONCRETE/ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPES
CONCRETE/ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPES

 Concrete cement pipes are expensive but

non-corrosive by nature.
 Their advantage is that they are extremely
strong and durable. However, being bulky and
heavy, they are harder and more costly to
handle, install and transport
PLASTICISED POLY VINILY SHLORIDE
PIPES
PLASTICISED POLY VINILY SHLORIDE
PIPES
 PVC pipes are non-corrosive, extremely light and thus easy
to handle and transport. Still, they are strong and come in
long lengths that lower installation/transportation costs.
 However, they are prone to physical damage if exposed
over ground and become brittle when exposed to
ultraviolet light.
 In addition to the problems associated with the expansion
and contraction of PVC, the material will soften and
deform if exposed to temperatures over 65 °C