 The character of being reticulated or

netlike; that which is reticulated; a

network, or an arrangement of veins,
etc., resembling one. (Century
Dictionary and Cyclopedia)

A network of criss-crossing lines, strands,

cables or pipes.(Wiktionary)
 Start at water
authority main
supply to
reservoir/
water tank to
homes,
factories,
schools,
shopping
complex, etc.
 For
commercial
use or for
hydrant pipe
 Bulk Meter
 monitoring large flows of water for water system
management and commercial billing purposes
 Gate Valve
 Gate valve is a full way valve which is inserted in
a pipeline for controlling or stopping the flow of
water.
 Sluice Valve
 These valves are used to control the flow
 Scour valve
 To empty the pipe when necessary to make
repairs, cleaning
 Air Valve
 A valve for controlling and exhausting air from
water pipe
 Hydrant
 a discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which
water may be drawn from a water main (as for
fighting fires)
 Ductile
Iron

HDPE Steel

Types
Asbestos
UPVC
Cement
Reinforced
Concrete
 Ductile Iron Pipes
 High quality steel moulds
 Fittings are cast by pouring the metal into steel
or sand moulds
 Has small quantities of magnesium – increase the
tensile strength = stronger and less liable to
fracture
 Steel Pipes
 One of the cheapest form of service pipes
 Sustain high pressures
 It can be laid in cohesive soil because it sheathed
with bitumen
 Asbestos Cement Pipes
 Are made of Portland cement and asbestos fibre
mix in slurry
 Cheap, resistant to internal and external
corrosion but they are brittle, so must handling it
carefully
 Reinforced Concrete Pipes
 Commonly used
 Size between 400mm to 1800mm diameter
 Corrosive resistant
 They need special protection if the groundwater
is saline or otherwise aggressive to concrete
 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Pipes
 Resistance to corrosion, light in weight and will
not effect the taste, odour or smell of drinking
water
 Not commonly being used
 Easy to break
 High Density Polyethylene Pipe (HDPE) Pipes
 Very cost effective
 Effective for above ground, surface, buried,
floating, and sub-surface marine applications
 Lightweight, strong, extremely tough and very
durable
 Fewer fittings due to pipe flexibility
 Spigot and socket joint

 Welded joint

 Butt fusion joint

 Flange joint

 Flexible mechanical coupling

 Compression joint
 Excavating trench
 Blinding
 Laying of pipes and covering
 Pipe fittings
 Hydrants
 Valve
 Bend
 Pipe crossing
 Testing
 Location of pipe
 Laid on ground or in trench
 Corrosive nature of the soil and ground water
 Life cycle cost
 initial capital cost plus maintenance cost
 Diameter of pipe
 Amount of water to be supplied
 Availabilityof the pipe and workers
 Soil condition
 Duration of pipe
 Characteristic of the pipe / material
 Structural strength of the pipes
 weight