BERBAGAI ISU

TEORITIS &
METODOLOGIS*

*Excerpted from Theories of Organizational Behavior

THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC THEORY:
Must be tested through research studies!

Sutton (1995) essay:

 Definisi
• Distinction between strong & weak
theory – many researches covered  Peran
• Confusions are ongoing – what
theory is actually?  Asumsi-asumsi
• Process of building theory –  Rules of Scientific Inquiry
internal conflicts & editor
involvement  Theory Building
Consensus of theory!  Teori yang baik
DEFINITION:
Ordered knowledge of natural phenomena to:
Sutton (1995): Wrong way!

1. References are not theory

1. Controll observations &
theoretical interpretations 2. Data are not theory
(Marx,1963)
3. Lists of variables or constructs
2. Increase understanding are not theory
&Consensus of theory
4. Diagrams are not theory
3. facilitate prediction (Dubin, 1969)
5. Hypotheses are not theory
4. Influence or manage the future
ROLE OF THEORY IN SCIENCE:
Attempt to make sense observations…*

Facts of phenomenon be fitted. It’s a

generalization of specific relationships
between factors.

* …that do not contain inherent & obvious logic (Dubin, 1976)

ASUMPTIONS:
4 things matter:
1. Certain natural groupings of phenomenon
exist
2. There is a degree of constancy and stability
in the world
3. Events are determined
4. There are some degree of trustworthiness
in perception, recall, & reasoning
RULES:
4 Inquiries:
Whetten (2001)- an editor review
in theory development:
• Building blocks
• Value added contribution
• Factors to judge conceptual
papers
1. Concepts must be clearly
defined
2. Scientific observation must be
controlled
3. Utilize adequate samples
4. Propositions, hypotheses, &
theories must be stated in
terms.
 THEORY BUILDING:
It is constructed to be modified / replaced as new knowledge appears

Sutton (1995):
• Rebalance the selection process  Deductive-inductive continuum
between theory and method
• Revise norms of theory and data  Theory is changed so new data can be
linkage explained, then a test is made to revise
• Qualitative vs Quantitative
theory
GOOD THEORY:
7 criteria:
Strong theory! 1. Contribute to the goal of science
Sutton (1995): 2. Clear delineation
• Delve into underlying process to 3. Direct efforts to important matters
understand systematic reasons
• Explains, predicts, & delights 4. Yield a value added above the efforts
• Five “wrong ways” 5. Readily subject to test
6. Logically consistent within & with other
known facts
7. State in simplest terms
MEASUREMENT & RESEARCH DESIGN

Aldag (1988): Kelebihan dan kekurangan

• meta-analysis,
• sampling,
• metodologi kualitatif,
• pengumpulan informasi tentang pengertian manajerial dan
pengambilan keputusan,
• model causal,
• analisis event historis,
• pengujian efek moderasi, dan
• peran komputer dalam penelitian