Dactyloscopy Part 2 2016 Dean Rectin

DACTYLOSCOPY
by
by;
Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

RC,CSP,MSCJ-CRIM,CCS,SRD
Email: gestoni_rectin@yahoo.com
Groups or Families of Fingerprint
Arch (2) Loop(2) Whorl (4)
Plain Arch Radial Looo Plain Whorl
Tented Arch Ulnar Loop Central Pocket

Loop Whorl,
Double Loop
Accidental
Whorl

STEPS IN FINGERPRINT EXAMINATION
Introduced by Sgt. Asbaugh
Code: ACE-V
1. Analysis – general patterns and name of Specific
patterns are identified.
2. Comparison – ridge details of the fingerprints are being

compared.
3. Evaluation – The making of a conclusion whether the

latent print and fingerprint of suspect are the same.
4. Verification – The opinion of an examiner should be

verified by 1-2 examiner/s.
The AFIS of PNP
1. Turned over by the Japanese Gov’t thru JICA to
the PNP on May 24, 2005.
2. This is a grant aid project amounting to 975M Yen
(approx Php 487.5M).
3. AFIS I = C1 Prints
4. AFIS II = Palm Prints

RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS

Type lines
1. The two outermost ridges
2. The basic boundaries
3. The skeleton of pattern.
Pattern Area
1. The area surrounded by the
typelines.
2. The area of a loop or whorl which
contains the ridge details.

Delta (outer terminus and tri-radius)
• Found at, front, or near the point of
divergence.
Point of Divergence (Area of Divergence)

The area where delta can be found
inside the two diverging ridges.
Diverging Ridges
Are two ridges running side by side
and suddenly separating, one ridge going
one way and the other ridge going another
way.

Core (inner terminus)
1. The heart of the pattern.
2. The approximate center
Rod or Bar
A single ending ridge located
inside the innermost sufficient
recurve in a loop pattern.
Spike – a rod that extends its length

beyond recurving ridges
Upthrust – the ending of a ridge that

rose sufficiently from the
horizontal baseline.
Recurving Ridges (Looping ridges)
The ridges that curve back from
which it started in the horizontal
baseline.
Shoulders of a Loop
The two points where the looping
ridge start and ends its curve.
Sufficient Recurve
Located on top or closed end of a
recurving ridge between the two
shoulders.
Bifurcating Ridge
• A single ridge which splits into two ridges,
forming a Y shape structure. It is referred to
as a fork.
Double bifurcation – two tandem of bifurcations
Trifurcating ridges
• is a friction ridge that divides into three friction
ridges.
Opposed bifurcation
• are two bifurcations located at both ends of a
single ridge.
Series of Bifurcations – appear in tandem or

group. Dean Gestoni C. Rectin
Spur or hook ridge
• A bifurcation with one
short ridge branching off
a longer ridge.

Converging ridge
• A ridge formation whose
closed end is angular and
serves as a point of
convergence, usually pointed
and abrupt.
Puckering Ridge
• A kind of ridge that appears
curly, irregular in
appearance and growth
ceases at several ends.
Appendage or Abutment
• A short ridge that spoils the
sufficiency of a recurve located at
the top or summit of a recurve
usually at right angle.
Staple
• a single recurving ridge on the
center of the pattern area. It can
be located along the looping
ridges.
Crossover or Bridge
• A ridge that connects atleast two
ridges. It must have crossed and
connected two ridges.
Fragment
• a ridge of extremely short in length
not more than 3 millimeters.
Short ridge
• a ridge that is insufficient or limited
in length other than the fragment.
Series of Short Ridges

• A group of short ridges found inside
a pattern area. These ridges could
appear also as broken short ridges
between well-formed ridges.
Dot Ridge
• Any dot or point that can be
observed inside a fingerprint
pattern.
Series of dot ridges or Row of dots

• The group of dots as printed
inside a pattern area.
Ridge Ending
• an abrupt end of any ridge
formation.

Island, Lake, Eyelet
• Refers to a formation of ridge that
forms a lake-like smaller in size than
the enclosure.
Enclosure
• A bifurcation which does not remain
open but in the legs of the
bifurcation, after running alongside
for a short distance, come together
to form a single ridge once more.
Envelop
• A single recurving ridge enclosing
one or more bars, short or dot ridge.
Incipient Ridges ( or Nascent ridges)
• NOT counted because they are only
the result of dirts, dirty fingerprint
paraphernalia and other factors,
found between two well formed
ridges.
Dissociated Ridges
• NOT counted. Appears like patches
and has no no well defined pattern.
Creases
• They are caused mainly by minor
surface damage, work and tear or
advanced of age.
FINGERPRINT PATTERNS
R
CATEGORIES /FAMILIES/ GENERAL PATTERN
TYPES OF FINGERPRINTS:
1. Family of loop – 60% frequency.
2. Family of whorl - 35% frequency.
3. Family of arch - 5% frequency.

LOOP PATTERNS FREQUENCY:
1. Radial Loop – 6%.
2. Ulnar Loop – 94%.
ARCH PATTERNS FREQUENCY:

1. Plain Arch – 60%.
2. Tented Arch – 40%.
WHORL PATTERNS FREQUENCY:

1. Plain Whorl - 71%.
2. Central Pocket Loop Whorl - 13%.
3. Double Loop Whorl - 13%.
4. Accidental Whorl - 3%.
Family of
arch

1. Plain arch (A) - a pattern
in which the ridges enter
on one side of the
pattern then flow
toward the other side,
with a rise at the center.
The simplest of all pattens.

Plain arch (A)

2. Tented arch (T) - a fingerprint pattern where
majority of the ridges form an arch and one
or more ridges at the center shape a tent in
outline giving an angle of 90 degrees or less or
one with an upward thrust having an angle of
45% or more, or a pattern similar to a loop but
lacking one or two of its essential elements.
• Considered “Transitional Pattern.”

Tented arch (T)
Tented arch (T)

Types of Tented arch
Angle type = a tented arch with a
short vertical ridge forming an angle of
90 degrees or more.
Uptrust= a horizontal ridge that makes

a sufficient rise at the center.
Incomplete loop = similar to a loop

with missing one or two elements.
Family of
loop
Elements of loop
1. A core
2. A delta
3. A sufficient
Recurve
4. At least one Ridge
count
3. Radial Loop (R) - a
fingerprint pattern that
has a downward slope or
slanting of the ridges
towards the direction of
the thumb either to the
right or left hand.
RIGHT HAND

4. Ulnar Loop (U) - a fingerprint
pattern where the direction
of the ridges flows towards
the little finger side of either
right or left hand.
LEFT HAND

Radial =Left Hand (\) Right Hand (/)
Ulnar = Left hand (/) Right Hand (\)

Family of
whorl
Basic Elements of
Whorl
1. Two or more
Deltas
2. At least one
complete circuiting
ridge
5. Plain Whorl (W) – a fingerprint
pattern consisting of two deltas
and in which at least one ridge
makes a turn through one
complete circuit of 360 degrees.
Two Types:
1. Elongated or Oval whorl
2. Spiral or Circular whorl

REQUISITES OF PLAIN WHORL:
1. It must have a complete circuit;
2. It must have atleast two deltas; and
3. Atleast one circuiting ridge is touched or crossed
by an imaginary line traversing the two deltas.

6. Central Pocket Loop Whorl (C)
a fingerprint pattern that forms a variant of a
whorl inside a loop like pattern.
• Sometimes called a composite pattern.

• Means, there are two patterns in one, a whorl
inside loop.

7. Double Loop Whorl (D)
A fingerprint pattern
consisting of two separate
and distinct loop formations
with two sets of shoulders,
and two deltas.
Also called Composite Pattern.

8. Accidental Whorl (X) – a fingerprint pattern
consisting of a combination of two different patterns
such as:
a. A combination of a loop and any whorl
b. But it cannot be the combination of an arch
with any other pattern.

Plain Whorl (W) Central Pocket Loop
Whorl (C)
Double Loop Whorl (D) Accidental Whorl (X)

Dactyloscopy Part 2 2016 Dean Rectin

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dactyloscopy Part 2 2016 Dean Rectin

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DACTYLOSCOPY

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Plain Arch Radial Looo Plain Whorl

Tented Arch Ulnar Loop Central Pocket

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

2. Comparison – ridge details of the fingerprints are being

3. Evaluation – The making of a conclusion whether the

4. Verification – The opinion of an examiner should be

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Point of Divergence (Area of Divergence)

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Spike – a rod that extends its length

Upthrust – the ending of a ridge that

Series of Bifurcations – appear in tandem or

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Series of Short Ridges

Series of dot ridges or Row of dots

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

1. Family of loop – 60% frequency.

2. Family of whorl - 35% frequency.

3. Family of arch - 5% frequency.

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

ARCH PATTERNS FREQUENCY:

WHORL PATTERNS FREQUENCY:

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

The simplest of all pattens.

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

• Considered “Transitional Pattern.”

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Tented arch (T)

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Uptrust= a horizontal ridge that makes

Incomplete loop = similar to a loop

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

• Sometimes called a composite pattern.

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Also called Composite Pattern.

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

Dean Gestoni C. Rectin

You might also like