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  • Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Wave - Group 3

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    Berns Dulam
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    The document discusses the Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan, which is a series of expansion waves that originate at a sharp corner when supersonic flow turns around it. Ludwig Prandtl and Theodor Meyer developed the Prandtl-Meyer theory in 1907-1908, showing that supersonic flow can navigate a sharp corner using this expansion without causing a shock wave. The document defines key terms like the Prandtl-Meyer angle and function, and provides formulas for properties like temperature and pressure ratios across an expansion wave in terms of the Prandtl-Meyer function. It presents an example problem involving calculating angles and the Prandtl-Meyer angle given upstream Mach number and pressure ratio across the

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    Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Wave _ Group 3

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    The document discusses the Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan, which is a series of expansion waves that originate at a sharp corner when supersonic flow turns around it. Ludwig Prandtl and Theodor Meyer developed the Prandtl-Meyer theory in 1907-1908, showing that supersonic flow can navigate a sharp corner using this expansion without causing a shock wave. The document defines key terms like the Prandtl-Meyer angle and function, and provides formulas for properties like temperature and pressure ratios across an expansion wave in terms of the Prandtl-Meyer function. It presents an example problem involving calculating angles and the Prandtl-Meyer angle given upstream Mach number and pressure ratio across the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    64 views24 pages

    Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Wave - Group 3

    Uploaded by

    Berns Dulam
    The document discusses the Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan, which is a series of expansion waves that originate at a sharp corner when supersonic flow turns around it. Ludwig Prandtl and Theodor Meyer developed the Prandtl-Meyer theory in 1907-1908, showing that supersonic flow can navigate a sharp corner using this expansion without causing a shock wave. The document defines key terms like the Prandtl-Meyer angle and function, and provides formulas for properties like temperature and pressure ratios across an expansion wave in terms of the Prandtl-Meyer function. It presents an example problem involving calculating angles and the Prandtl-Meyer angle given upstream Mach number and pressure ratio across the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 24

    Prandtl-Meyer

    Expansion Wave
    A supersonic expansion fan,
    technically known as Prandtl–
    Meyer expansion fan, is a
    centred expansion process that
    occurs when a supersonic flow
    turns around a convex corner.
    The fan consists of an infinite
    number of Mach waves, diverging
    from a sharp corner.
    Meet the Ludwig Prandtl and
    Theodor Meyer
    Theodor Meyer is one of Prandtl’s Ph.D. students at
    Institute of Applied Mechanics at the University of
    Gottingen, Germany.

    Prandtl and Meyer recognize that a series of


    expansion waves – the so called “Prandtl-Meyer
    expansion fan” – originates at sharp corners.

    These waves accelerate and rarefy the flow while


    moving around the corner.
    In their “Prandtl-Meyer theory of expansion” (1907 – 1908) they
    show that under certain conditions a supersonic flow can
    navigate around a sharp corner using this expansion, without
    causing a shock wave.
    In this topic we’ll encounter:
     Prandtl-Meyer Angle – is the angle through which a
    supersonic stream turns to expand from M = 1 to M > 1.

     From the laws of the conservation of mass, momentum,


    and energy for very small (differential) deflections derives
    the so-called “Prandtl-Meyer Function” and presents
    shock wave tables of pressure ratios for various angle of
    incidence and reflection.
    Starting with Mach angle:
    Same with the Expansion Wave
     The expansion fan is a continuous expansion region
    which can be visualized as an infinite number of Mach
    waves. See Figure below:
    Objectives:
    Find the formulas for
     upstream flow
     deflection angle
     Downstream flow
    By Trigonometric Identities

    Substitute
    Hence, it can be expanded as:

    Where:
    Thus,

    Integrate both sides


    From:

    Then,

    Differentiate
    Finding Relations

    Isolate a

    Differentiate
    Another form of Prandtl Meyer Function
    f(𝜇) = 6 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 6 tan 𝜇) − 𝜇
    Formula for Temperature Ratio
    Formula for Density Ratio

    Formula for Pressure Ratio


    Problem:
    For the given Prandtl-Meyer Expansion the upstream Mach
    No. is 3.0 and the pressure ratio across the wave is 0.4.
    Calculate the (a) angle between the forward Mach line
    relative to the free stream, (b) angle between rearward
    Mach line and the deflected surface and (c) the Prandtl-
    Meyer angle. See figure below:
    Answers:

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