Instrumentation I Session01 Azita Updated

Overview and Introduction - Agenda
Activity Est. Time

1. Agenda and Instructor Introduction 10
2. Syllabus/Instructor Expectations 20
3. Student Information Sheets 15
4. Students Introduction 15
5. Student Expectations 15
6. Introduction to Instrumentation – Chapter 1 20
7. Introduction to Diagrams and Symbology – Chapter 12 25
LUNCH BREAK 30
8. Group Activities 90
Instrumentation I - Session 1
Learning Objectives?
http://blog.parker.com/ Instrumentation I - Session 1

Process Technology?
1. The main role of technicians, specialists and experts

2. The large number of requirements, employees
retiring
3. Industry partnered with community colleges,
technical colleges, and universities to provide
training.
4. Industries collaborating with education can provide
process technology graduates.
5. Process technology is a field of study to train and
provide specialists for process industries
6. Process industries including refineries, petrochemical
companies, paper and pulp industries, power
generation, and food processing
Instrumentation
 Instrumentation is one of core

technical courses in process
technology program
 The textbook has 24 chapters
 The first 12 chapters are
covering Instrumentation I and
chapters 13 to 24 cover the
material in the Instrumentation II
Instrumentation
 Our plan in this class is to emphasize
learning materials of Instrumentation I and
review main points of materials for
Instrumentation II.
 We will try to finish chapters 1-12 by the
middle of semester and then review other
chapters while returning to the previous
chapters. In this way, we will have a very
good sense of the main points of
Instrumentation I.
Chapter 01 - Objectives
 In this chapter we will learn:
 The history and importance of process

instrumentation in process industries
 Describe the major process variables
 Define terms associated with instrumentation
 Explain the relationship between common
process variables
Session 1 – Objectives
The primary need for instrumentation in industry is to measure and control
process variables
Explain the relationship between common process variables:

 What happens to the pressure in a closed container when
temperature increases? Increases
 What happens to the temperature in a closed container when
pressure increases? Increases
 What happens to vessel bottom pressure when height of liquid
increases? Increases
 What happens to boiling point of a material when pressure
 What happens to the volume of a material when temperature
 What happens to the density of a material when temperature
increases? Decreases
 What happens to the flow when the differential pressure increases?
Increases
 How do variable changes affect accurate measurement?
Flyball Governor
 Humankind has attempted to

control machine process
 The first example of
feedback control was in 1775
by James watt to control the
speed of steam going to the
steam engine.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=SiYEtnlZLSs
Nyquist
 In 1920s pneumatic control

began to appear. But, they were
mostly controlled manually.
 In 1932 Harry Nyquist published

the First paper on automatic
process control.
Rosie the Riveter
In 1942 during WW2 1942

Zeigler and Nichols described
a new way to tune PID control
loops
Analog Electronic Instrumentation
Age of 1950s
Digital Instrumentation
In 1971 the intel corporation
introduced the model 4004
microprocessor on a chip. This
paved the way for development of
the modern digital control.
Fiber Optics
Industry continues to find ways for
implementation.
Process Variables
Slide 2 Instrumentation I – Review Chapters 1 - 7

Process Variables, Pressure
The force applied to a unit of

area. Gases and vapors apply
force uniformly over all
surfaces. While liquids apply
force in accordance to their
depth and density.
Process Variables, Temperature
 Temperature is defined as a
measure of the average kinetic
energy (hotness or coldness)
of a substance as indicated on
a reference scale.
 Process plants control

temperature in almost every
major process vessel.
ProcessVariables, Level
 Level is defined as the position

of either height or depth along a
vertical axis. In industry the term
level specifically means the
surface position of a material in
a vessel.
 For example, checking levels is
very important when controlling
a liquid phase reactor where
there is a need for a continuous
flow of reactants into the vessel
and a continuous flow of reacted
product leaving the vessel.
ProcessVariables, Flow
 In process industries the word flow is used
interchangeably with the term flow rate.
 Flow rate can be defined as the quantity of fluid
that moves through a pipe or channel within a
given period of time.
 Flow rate is usually expressed in volume or mass
units per unit of time, such as gallons per minute
or pounds per hour.
Sightglass
http://www.mycheme.com/level-gauges/
http://phoenixspecialtyinc.com/
Differential Delta
 Simply put, differential
means the difference
between measurements
taken from two separate
points.
 Although differential is not a

distinct process variable like the
others mentioned here, the
designation does deserve special
attention due to the massive
number of differential pressure
and temperature.
Local Instrument
An instrument located at or near the

process
Remote Instrument
Receive or send a signal from the

computer or a control room.
ProcessVariables
 Analytical instruments
are those instruments that
measure the chemical
and/or physical
properties of a process
stream.
 Such as chromatographs,
pH meters and viscosity
meters. Analytical
instruments can be
located within the process
area as well as in a
laboratory.
Instruments and their Functions
 Sensing, indicating, transmitting,
comparing, and/or controlling.
The sensing or measuring or
transmitting device is the first
instrument in the loop.
 Once it measures the process

variable, it then must
communicate that value to the
next instrument in the loop,
typically the controller.
Instruments and their Functions
The controller would have to interpret that incoming

signal, compare it to a setpoint, process the difference,
and then produce an output signal that indicates to the
final controlling element, usually a control valve to open
more, close more or just stay the same.
Pneumatic Instruments
 Instrumentation that sends a
signal to a remote location is
categorized as transmitting.
 Generally there are both a

measuring and a transmitting
device built in a single unit.
 For example, a unit may

measure a pressure sensing
activity and convert it to a
pneumatic or electronic
signal to a controller.
Electronic Instruments
 Instruments powered
by electricity are called
electronic instruments.
They are divided by the
type of signal and
include analog and
digital.
 All of electronics can
be divided into two
broad categories:
analog and digital.
Electronic Instruments
 One of the most
common examples
of the difference
between analog and
digital devices is a
clock.
 On the analog clock, the time is

represented by hands that spin
around a dial and point to a
location on the dial that
represents the approximate time.
On a digital clock, a numeric
display indicates the exact time. Instrumentation I - Session 1
Digital Instruments
 They are
microprocessor based
and can produce a
digital output signal.
 A digital signal is
presented in a coded
form by packets of 1
and zeros like
101010.
 Generally they use a
serial communication
format similar to a
computer network in
an office.
Session 12 – Objectives
1. Describe the types of petrochemical and
refining industry drawings that contain
instrumentation.
2. Compare and contrast P&IDs and PFDs.
3. Describe the lettering and numbering standards
based on ISA (International Society of
Automation) instrumentation symbols.
4. Describe how to determine the instrument type
from the symbol information.
5. Describe the standards for line symbols.
6. Using a legend, correctly identify
instrumentation on a drawing.
Block Flow Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Legend or Symbols Chart
Instrumentation Tag Number
ISA Functional Identification Table
1. PT= Pressure Transmitter

2. TT= Temperature Transmitter
3. FRC= Flow Recording Controller
4. PIC= Pressure Indicating Controller
5. LV= Level Valve (This is the preferred way of
identifying a control valve in a loop)
6. PY= Pressure Relay or compute (This could be an I/P
transducer in a pressure loop)
7. TE= Temperature Element (could be a thermocouple,
RTD or filled thermal system)
8. LI= Level Indicator
9. PC= Pressure Controller
10. FFIC= A Flow (Ratio) Indicating Controller
Equipment Symbols
Field Versus Board-Mounted Instrument Symbols
Primary and Final Control Element Symbols
Line Symbols
Homework Assignments - HWAs
Design two Multiple Choice questions
From chapter 1 and chapter 12 using
the following format:
Times New Roman, 12 pt. font size,
and single space according to the
form distributed by Instructor.
Handwriting will not be accepted
Session 1 - Fall 2015 43
Homework Assignments - HWAs
1. The Question:
a. The First answer
b. The Second answer
c. The Third answer
d. The Fourth answer
The answer key for this question and the address in the
Book.(the edition, Page and line)
Due date:
Please email me these questions before coming Friday (September 4th )
at 8 PM.
The following week you will ask your questions from the students and
explain the answer to us.
Your grade for this HWA will be for your extracting and presenting
these questions and answers to the class.
This HWA will have 5% of your total grade.
Please send your questions before the due date otherwise you will lose
the whole point.
Session 1 - Fall 2015 44

Instrumentation I Session01 Azita Updated

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Instrumentation I Session01 Azita Updated

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Overview and Introduction - Agenda

Activity Est. Time

http://blog.parker.com/ Instrumentation I - Session 1

1. The main role of technicians, specialists and experts

 Instrumentation is one of core

 The history and importance of process

Explain the relationship between common process variables:

 Humankind has attempted to

 In 1920s pneumatic control

 In 1932 Harry Nyquist published

In 1942 during WW2 1942

Slide 2 Instrumentation I – Review Chapters 1 - 7

The force applied to a unit of

 Process plants control

 Level is defined as the position

 Although differential is not a

An instrument located at or near the

Receive or send a signal from the

 Once it measures the process

The controller would have to interpret that incoming

 Generally there are both a

 For example, a unit may

 On the analog clock, the time is

1. PT= Pressure Transmitter

You might also like