NAME :MAHNOOR KHURAM

SECTION : BMIS(SEC A)
TOPIC:MODES OF ULTRASOUND
CONTENTS
◦-INTRODUCTION TO
ULTRASOUND
◦-MODES OF ULTRASOUND
INTRODUCTION TO ULTRASOUND

-Ultrasound is an imaging technology

that uses high frequency sound waves
to characterize tissue.
-Ultrasound relies on properties of
physics such
as(compression,rarefaction,reflection
and impedance etc).
-The frequency of the sound waves used in
medical ultrasound is in the range of
millions of cycles per second(mega
hertz,MHZ).
-In contrast the upper range of audible
frequencies for human is around 20
thousand cycles per second(20 KHZ).
-An ultra sound transducer sends an
ultrasound pulse into the tissue and
then receives echoes back.
These echoes contain spatial and
contrast information.
MODES OF ULTRASOUND
◦THE FOLLOWING ARE FOUR DIFFERENT
MODES OF ULTRASOUND USED IN MEDICAL
IMAGING
◦1. A-MODE
◦2. B-MODE
◦3. M-MODE
◦4. DOPPLER MODE
A-MODE
◦- This mode is also called the amplitude
mode.
◦-A-mode is the oldest ultrasound technique
that was invented in 1930.
◦-A-mode is the simplest type of ultrasound.
◦-A single transducer scans a line through the
body with the echoes plotted on as a
function of depth.
◦-A-mode ultrasonography is that in which
on the cathode ray tube display one axis
represents the time required for the return
of the echo and the other corresponds to
the strength of the echo.
◦- A-mode ultrasound is a relatively simple
technique that can differentiate cystic
from solid masses.
◦-A-mode has been successfully used
for differentiating breast lessions and
locating liver cysts,which are reffered
to as fluid flat segments.
◦
 B- MODE
oB-mode ultrasound (Brightness-mode) is the display of
a 2D map of B-MODE data, currently the most
common form of ultrasound imaging.
oThis form of display (solid areas appear white and fluid
area appear black) is also called gray scale.
oThe B- mode scan is the basis of 2D scanning. The
transducer is moved about to view the body from a
variety of angles.
 REAL TIME B- MODE:
oUsed phased array transducer called a real time
scanner.
oUsed most often to scan abdomen and to check the
fetus in pregnant women.
oSystem scan 15-60 frames/s.
oTransducer can be moved and angles so that get 3-D
information.
oHand-held transducer moved to different positions or
held at different angles to get complete picture.
M-MODE:
oThe M-mode (Motion Mode) ultrasound is used for
analyzing moving body parts (also called time
motion or TM-Mode)commonly in cardiac and fetal
cardiac imaging.
oUsed for studying the motion of interface.
oThe high sampling frequency(up to 1000 pulses per
second) is useful in assessing rates and motion.
oParticularly in cardiac structures such as the various
valves and the chamber walls.