NON-

EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
By Yves Jill M. Yukee
MT-II DFLOMNHS SHS
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
• It is a way of finding out truths
about a subject by describing the
collected data about such subject
and determining the relationships
or connections with one another.

• Any treatment or condition is not

involved in this type of research.
But there is a measuring of
variables here; hence, once you do
non-experimental research, you
deal with both qualitative and
quantitative data.
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

• It is usually used to discover

thoughts, views, feelings and
attitudes about a certain societal
issue, object, place, event, or
event.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
1. It is incapable of establishing
cause-effect relationships ; by
itself, it is able, if it takes
place in conjunction with the
other experimental and quasi-
experimental research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
2. It involves various ways of
data analysis:
Primary – analysis of data
collected by the researcher
himself
Secondary – examination of
data collected by other people
Meta-analysis – analysis of
data expressed numerically
CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
3. It uses research method that
is applicable to both quantitative
data and qualitative data.
4. It collects data through
survey, observation, historical
studies, case study,
documentary analysis, and so
on.
1. SURVEY RESEARCH
- It is the most used non-experimental
research in the field of sociology,
psychology, and humanities.
- It follows a standard in terms of types
and analysis of data that is applicable
to social sciences.
- It is a method of research that aims at
knowing what a big number of people
think and feel about some
sociological issues.
1. SURVEY RESEARCH
- The extensive use of survey research is
proven by the fact that more-tan one-third of
published research online in sociology,
psychology, and humanities were done
through survey research.
- It requires data-gathering techniques such
as interview, questionnaire, online survey,
and telephone interview that primarily
consider the size of the group being
studied.
- In this research method, the researcher
selects a sample of respondents from a
small/large population and provide the
chosen subjects a formalized
questionnaire.
Purposes of Survey Research
1. To obtain information about people’s
opinions and feelings about an issue.
2. To identify present condition, needs, or
problems of people in a short span of time
3. To seek answers to social problems.
4. To give school officials pointers on curricular
offerings, guidance and counselling
services, teacher evaluation and so on.
Planning a Survey Research
The research design of a survey research is
similar to that of experimental research except in
data collection method and instrument.
Phases:
1. Explanation of objectives is clear.
2. Formulation of research questions or hypotheses
to predict relationships of variables.
3. Determination of the exact kind of data referred
to by the hypotheses or research questions.
4. Assurance of the population or group of people
to which findings will be applied to.
5. Finalization of the sampling method for selecting
the participants.
6. Identification of method or instrument in
collecting data. (questionnaire on paper, through
phone, via computer, or face-to-face)
Strengths of Survey Research
1. Versatility. It can tackle any issue
affecting society.
2. Efficiency. It is not costly In terms of
money and time, assuming there is
excellent communication.
3. Generality. It can get a good
representation or sample of a large
group of people.
4. Confidentiality. It is capable of
safeguarding the privacy or anonymity
of the respondents.
Weaknesses of Survey Research
1. It can not provide sufficient evidence
about the relationships of variables.
2. It cannot examine the significance of
some issues affecting people’s social
life.
3. It cannot get data reflecting the effects
of the interconnectedness of the
environmental features on the research
study.
Weaknesses of Survey Research
4. It cannot consider man’s naturalistic
tendencies as the basis of human behavior
unless his ways or styles of living are
related to his surroundings.
5. It cannot promote interpretive and
creative thinking unless its formation of
ideas results from scientific thinking.
6. It cannot have an effective application to
all topics for research.
Weaknesses of Survey Research
7. It cannot use a questioning or coding
method that can accurately register
differences among the participant’s
responses.
8. It cannot diffuse the main researcher’s
abilities to control and manipulate some
factors affecting the study.
9. It cannot account for real or actual
happenings, but can give ideas on
respondents’ views, beliefs, concepts and
emotions.
Ethical Principles and Rules
in Survey Research
1. Respect whatever decision a
person has about your research
work for his participation in your
study comes solely from his or
he own decision-making powers.
2. Make sure that your study will
be instrumental in elevating the
living conditions of people
around you or in bringing about
world progress.
Ethical Principles and Rules
in Survey Research
3. Conduct your research work
in a way that respondents will
be safe from any injury or
damage that may arise from
their physical and emotional
involvement of the study.
4. Practice honesty and
truthfulness in reporting about
the results of your study.
Ethical Principles and Rules
in Survey Research
5. Accept the reality that the
nature, kind, and extent of
responses to your questions
depend solely on the disposition
of the respondents.
6. Decide properly which
information should go public or
secret.
7. Stick to your promise of
safeguarding the secrecy of
some information you obtained
from the respondents.
Answer each question intelligently
1. How does a survey research differ from other
experimental research methods?
2. What is the relevance of survey research to
education?
3. Do you agree that survey research is better
than other research methods? Justify your
answer.
4. Why is the number of respondents crucial to
sample selection?
5. How would you describe yourself as a
researcher with integrity?