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Physics Project
Physics Project
Physics Project
SCHOOL
CLASS - XI
physics project work
Presented By:-
Name – Akshat Saxena
Class – 11 th A
Roll No. – 21
What is Force?
Who discovered Gravitational law?
Discovery of Gravitational Force.
Calculation used by Newton.
Calculating the constant.
Gravity- A special Case.
Effect of Gravity and its Uses.
Sir Issac newton gave many laws of nature.
In his First law of motion, he described the inherent
property of matters,qualitatively.
In his second law,he wrote “A force action on a body
gives it an accelaration which is in the direction of force
and has a magnitude given by ma.”
So,it describes force quantitatively also.
In his third law,he describes how force are exerted.
Therefore,we can say he discovered “Force”.
The force is an external effort(cause) in the form of a push
or pull which either changes or tends to change the state of
rest or the uniform motion of a body along a straight line.
aapple 2
= dmoon
amoon
dapple
Newton guessed that,
acceleration a 1
r2 …..(1)
He had,
F ma ; (Newton’s second law) …..(2)
. ˙ . Fm. ( From (1) )
r2 …..(3)
By Newton’s Third law of motion,
FM …..(4)
Combining 3 & 4,
F Mm
r2
F = GMm
r2
where,
– F = Force of attraction between the two particles.
– M = mass of first particle.
– m = mass of second particle.
– r = distance between the centers of the first and second particle.
– G = Universal gravitational constant. = 6.67 10-11 N·m2/kg
ř12 ř21
F12 = - Gm2m1
ř21
r2
Note : -(minus) sign denotes that opposite direction of force and Distance.
Always acts as “Force of Attraction”.
Form an action-reaction pair.
Central Forces.
Independent of the presence of other bodies and
properties of the intervening medium.
Weakest Force.
The force of attraction between any two material
particles is directly proportional to the product of the
masses of the particles and inversely proportional to
the square of the distance between them. It acts along
the line joining the two particles.
i.e,
F Mm
r2
Calculating the Gravitational Constant
Or,
t1 = t2
Thus, they will reach earth at same instant.
?
www.wikipedia.org/Gravitation
www.physicsclassroom.com
www.google.books.com
Books
Prof. H.C.Verma : Concept of Physics Vol. I
Kumar,Mittal : ISC PHYSICS Class XI
Modern ABC : Physics Vol.I
THANK YOU