Fighter Jet Aircraft

Recent Technology
STEALTH TECHNOLOGY

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 Top 10 Fighter jets
1. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II – 2015, US, Gen-5, 1508 trillion

2. Sukhoi Su-57 – 2010, Russian, Gen-5, 10 billion

3. Chengdu J-20 – 2011, Chinese, Gen-5

4. Shenyang FC-31 – Chinese, Gen-5

5. Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin – 2016, Japanese, Predecessor of Gen-6 (2027)

6. Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor – 2005, US, Gen-5

7. Eurofighter Typhoon – 1994, Germany, Gen-4

8. JF-17 Thunder – 2007, Pakistan, Gen-4

9. McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle – 2022, Israeli

10. Dassault Rafale – 2001, France, best military aircraft

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Dassault Rafale – 4.5th Gen

The Rafale can fly at speeds of 1.8 mach (2,222.6km per hour) and can
climb to a height of 50,000 feet. It has a range of 3,700km, which can be
increased with mid-air refuelling.

The fighter jet is 15.27 metres long from nose to tail, has a wing span of
10.8 metres and a wing surface area of 45.7 square metres. It can carry
9,500kg of bombs and munitions.

India had signed an inter-governmental agreement with France in

September 2016 for procurement of 36 Rafale fighter jets.

The first squadron of the Rafale aircraft will be deployed at Ambala Air Force
Station, considered one of the most strategically located bases of the IAF
around 200 kilometres from the India-Pakistan border.

The second squadron of Rafale will be stationed at Hasimara base in West

Bengal.

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Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA)

Indian Air Force not afraid of Chinese stealth fighter aircraft J-20 because
Chinese pilots are not skilled to compete with Indian pilots.

India is also working on it’s fifth generation fighter aircraft program FGFA
(Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft) based on Russian plane PAK-FA 50 and
AMCA (Advanced Multi-role Combat Aircraft) which will far better than the
Chinese counterpart.

Their are numerous examples in the history of military that an army with
more high tech weapons will not surely win but it depends on the skill and
courage of the person.

And above all machine can do nothing without man/woman because

what makes the weapon deadly is the human behind it and Indians are
well trained to perform their jobs which makes them the best.

Mach number = Object speed/Speed of Sound

Speed of sound = 343 m/s
Aircraft Speed specified in, 1 Knot = 1.85 km/h

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India specific enhancements

The Rafale deal caters to specific Indian air force needs. The fighter jet
will be modified by France to meet the following:

* Helmet mounted sights and targeting system to give the pilots lightening
quick ability to shoot off weapons.

* Ability to taken off from high altitude airbases like Leh on a 'cold start' - for
quick reaction deployment

* A radar warning receiver to identify hostile tracking systems

* A towed decoy system to thwart incoming missile attacks

* French industrial support for fighter for 50 years

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Introduction

Stealth is a technique in which we try to make any object invisible.

Stealth technology also known as LO Technology (low observable

technology).

It is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive electronics counter

measures.

Stealth means secrecy

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History

Primarily we make the object visually invisible in stealth technology.

After the invention of radar other method used is stealth technology.

The first true "stealth" aircraft may have been developed in Germany during
the last years of WW II.

Recent Goal of Stealth Technology

To make aircraft invisible by reducing radar, IR, visual, and acoustic

signature

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Principle of Stealth Technology

Infrared detection.

Visual detection.

Acoustic detection.

Radar detection.

Reduction in these detections are the principle of stealth technology.

Stealth aircraft are designed to avoid detection using a variety of

technologies that reduce reflection/emission of radar, infrared, visible light,
radio frequency (RF) spectrum, and audio, collectively known as stealth
technology.

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Reduction in IR Emission

• IF emission occurs due to heat.

• All substances with a temperature above absolute zero (0° K, or -273.15°

C, or - 459.67° F), emit electromagnetic waves.

• The heat content of a material produces molecular vibrations which cause

electron oscillations.

• These oscillations provide electromagnetic coupling that produces an

emission of energy.

• Method to decrease the IR signature of the engines is to use exhaust

masking.

• This is accomplished by placing the engines on top of the body and the
wings, by which exhausts cannot be seen from below.

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Reduction in Acoustic Detection

• In this we reduce mechanical noise.

• For reduction of mechanical noise we use different muffler, slow turning

propeller.

• Submarines use extensive rubber mountings to isolate and avoid

mechanical noises that could reveal locations to underwater passive
sonar arrays.

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Deceiving of Eye

• In this method we make the object visually invisible.

• In this we use different color and different lighting system, by which

system generate illusion

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Reduction in Radar Detection
• Radar mainly work on electromagnetic wave reflection.

• If we avoid these reflection towards the radar receiver, then we can

reduce radar cross section of object.

• Radar cross section (RCS) is a measure of how detectable a object

object is with a radar.

Purpose shaping : The shape of the target’s reflecting surfaces is designed

such that they reflect energy away from the source.

Radar absorbent material : As an addition to highly reflective surfaces.

Active Cancellation : Target generates a radar signal equal in intensity but

opposite in phase to the predicted reflection of an incident radar signal.

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Purpose Shaping
• Normal design • Curved design

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Radar Absorbing Material
• RAM material absorb EM wave and convert this energy into heat.

• Some RAM material have active cancellation also.

• RAM material are iron ball paint, foam absorber etc.

• Some Types are :

• Iron ball paint absorber
• Foam absorber
• Carbon nanotube
• Silicon Carbide

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Active Cancellation

In this method, we have some

RF source on object(plane,
ship) which modify radar
signal but in opposite phase
that generate destructive
interference.

Thus by the use of these

three method we can reduce
RCS of our plane and can
make them low observable.

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STEALTH VEHICLE – SHAPES & DESIGN

It should be coated with the Radar Absorbing Materials.

It’s tail should kept an ACUTE angle.

Planes wings has to kept at Angle.

Design of Nose.

Stealth aircraft must bury the Engines within the wing or fuselage.

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Applications
This was mainly developed to make the Planes undetectable by radars.

This was later extended to ships & submarines also.

The sea water is used to make the ships less detected as they are good
reflectors.

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Some Models
NORMAL FIGHTER PLANE
SHOWING THE ENGINE

ENGINES OF THE AIRCRAFT

ARE COVERED

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Some Models

EXHAUST PLUME
OF A NORMAL PLANE

STEALTH AIRCRAFT
WITHOUT EXHAUST

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Advantage

Reduce the casuality rate during the war.

Develop the military secrets.

Bluff the anti-detective device.

We can perform spy mission.

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Disadvantage

Instability of design.

Carries less number of bombs.

Less speed.

Very high cost.

Has to be repainted regularly.

Cant make sharp curves.

The shape does not support Aero-dynamics.

Cost of maintenance.

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Anti – Stealth Technology

Low frequency radar.

Multi-transmitters.

Airborne method.

Surface based method.

Satellite based method.

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Low frequency radar

Low frequency radars are used.

They are well reflected back.

Lack of sources.

Very low frequencies fails.

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Multi Transmitters
This is based on the RCS.

A large no of antennas are placed at

distant places.

Single or multi transmitters

are used.

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Airborne method
Planes are made to fly high up in the air

They are furnished with SLAR & FLIR.

Very useful to detect the enemy in 3-D.

They use LIDAR.

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Surface based method
Radars of high sensitivity are used, like Radio Telescopes.

They work good at all weather conditions.

They use the concept of Radio-Astronomy.

Requires heavy installations.

The speed & trajectory of the enemy can be easily detected.

Can detect the difference between hostile & Stealth crafts.

Destroy the enemy without their notice.

Do not release radio signals.

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Satellite based method
The satellites use radar sensors.

They cover a wide area.

They are more reliable and safe.

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References

• Thesis on stealth technology by “Naval Post Graduate School, California”

• Wikipedia.

• British encyclopedia.

• Google images on stealth technology.

• www.dassault-aviation.com

• Economic Times

• Stealth, 2005 Sci-Fi/Thriller Film

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Some Stealth Aircrafts

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Some Stealth Aircrafts

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Some Stealth Aircrafts

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Any Discussions…………………………

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