Schmitt trigger

Introduction

 A Schmitt trigger is an electronic circuit that is used to detect

whether a voltage has crossed over a given reference level.

 A Schmitt trigger circuit is a fast-operating voltage-level

detector.

 When the input voltage arrives at the upper or lower trigger levels,

the output changes rapidly.

Schmitt trigger
Symbols of Schmitt trigger
Positive and Negative Feedback

 The input voltage vin is applied to the inverting input terminal

and the feedback voltage goes to the non-inverting terminal.

 This means the circuit uses positive voltage feedback instead of

negative feedback, that is, in this circuit feedback voltage aids the

input voltage rather than opposing it.

Feed back
 Voltage Divider Feedback

 The voltage divider feedback a negative voltage to the non-

inverting input, which results in a larger negative voltage.

 This feedback more negative voltage until the circuit is driven into

negative saturation.
Schmitt Trigger transfer
Vo

High state

Low state

0 Vi
Vt- Vt+
0
 Calculation of Resistor
 To design a Schmitt trigger, potential divider current I2 is once

again selected to be very much larger than the op-amp input bias

current.

Then the resistor R2 is calculated from equation

R2 = UTP/I2

and R1 is determined from

R1 = (VOUT – UTP) / I2
 Threshold level
 Whenever the input voltage goes over the High Threshold Level,

the output of the comparator is switched HIGH or LOW.

 The output will remain in this state, as long as the input voltage is

above the second threshold level, the Low Threshold Level.

 When the input voltage goes below this level, the output of the

Schmitt Trigger will switch.

Threshold level
 Transistor Schmitt trigger

 A transistor implementation of a Schmitt Trigger is rather

important due to the single voltage supply that requires to operate

the basic Schmitt Trigger circuit with two NPN transistors.

Transistor Schmitt trigger
 Hysteresis

 Hysteresis is desirable in a Schmitt trigger because it prevents

noise form causing false triggering.

 The difference between the two threshold voltages is known as

hysteresis
 Hysteresis

Hold and measure

VThreshold Hysteresis
Vinput
Hold and measure
Voutput
The End

……. Thank You …….