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PHYS1001
Physics 1 REGULAR
Module 2 Thermal Physics
HEAT
EXPANSION & CONTRACTION
What changes in
dimensions occur when
heat is extracted or
added to a system ?
2
Q
6
(a) Cooling it
(b) Heating it
(c) Either
(d) Neither
9
Bimetallic strips
Two strips of different metals welded
together at one temperature become more
or less curved at other temperatures
because the metals have different values
for their coefficient of linear expansion .
Internal Energy U is
associated with the
amplitude of the
oscillation of the atoms
11
Collisions of thermally oscillating atoms make them
shift further apart
Repulsive force
PE Attractive force
Metals
~ 10-5 K-1 coefficient of linear expansion
13
Linear Area Volume
Lo A V
o
o
L
L
A
L Lo T V
A 2 Ao T
V 3 Vo T Vo T
* Simple model: assume and are independent of temperature, T < 100 oC
* Wood expands differently in different directions
14
Volume expansion – solid cube
Vo = Lo3
V - Vo = V = 3 Lo3T = Vo T
V0
1.002 1000.2
1.0018 1000
m
1.0016 999.8
1.0014 999.6 V
1.0012 999.4
1.0006 998.8
1.0004 998.6
1.0002 998.4
1 998.2
0.9998 998
0 4 8 12 16 20
temperature T (°C)
17
BUOYANCY - FLOATING AND SINKING
Why do ice cubes float on water?
18
Lakes freeze from top down rather from bottom up
Problem B.1
Linear expansion
L = Lo + L = Lo + Lo T
L L
h=?m
L
h
Lo
21
Execute
L2 = Lo2 + h2
h2 = L2 – Lo2
= (Lo + Lo T)2 – Lo2
= 2 Lo2T + 2 Lo2 T2
h = (2 T)½ Lo neglecting very small terms
h = {(2)(2.510-5)(32)}½ (1.885) m
h = 0.075 m Evaluate
22
Problem B.2
2 am
2 pm
23
2 pm 2 am
V 3 Vo T Vo T
24
Problem B.3
A increases
B decreases θ
C stays the same
D depends on angle being acute or obtuse
25
Problem B.4
expansion by a factor 2
The actual distance is larger than the distance read off the tape by a factor
L / L0