Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SCOPE:
Students will be able to know:-
3 Levels of Diagram
-Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
-Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
-Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Example 1:
Mixed Gas
Toluene, C7H8 2610 kg/hr
10,000 kg/hr
75% Conversion of
Toluene
CH2=CH2 + H2 Ni
CH3CH3
Ethanol,
Cold water in Ethane, CH3CH3
C2H5OH CH2CH2
Reactor 1 Reactor 2
H2SO4 H2O Hydrogen, H2
Distillation
column Ni
H2O
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Exercise 1:
Answer 1
Hot water
out
Insoluble
ammonia Ammonia
liquid
Water 5 L/min
Ammonia gas Condenser
Batch
Absorber Distillation
Cold water
in
Ammonia-water
mixture
Ammonia-air mixture
10 L/min
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Exercise 2:
Answer 2
Hot water
out
Ethanol
Condenser liq.
Ethyl
acetate
Reactor
Batch
distillation
Distillate
Cold product tank
water in
Ethanol-water
mixture
Acid feed
tank
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
SCOPE:
Heat exchanger
S Steam heater
Cooling coil
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Heater coil
Centrifugal pump
Pressure gauge
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Heater coil
Centrifugal pump
Pressure gauge
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Valve Symbology
Symbol Name
Gate Valve
Globe Valve
Ball Valve
Check Valve
Butterfly Valve
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Valve Symbology
Symbol Name
Relief Valve
Needle Valve
3-Way Valve
Angle Valve
Butterfly Valve
Example 3
Production of Ethane from Ethanol
Ethanol is feed to continuous reactor with presence of Acid Sulphuric catalyzer to
produce ethylene. Distillation process then will be applied to separate ethylene-H2O
mixture. Ethylene as a top product is then condensate with condenser to perform
liquid ethylene. Hydrogenation of ethylene applies in another reactor with presence
of Nickel catalyzer to produce ethane as a final product. Develop PFD for these
processes.
H2SO4
CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH2=CH2 + H2 Ni
CH3CH3
V-104
Cold water
in V-106
CV-100 T-100
CV-101
V-105
Ethanol
V-101 V-102
H2SO4 V-100 Hydrogen
V-103 V-107 Ni
R-100 Ethane
R-101
P-100
H2O
P-101
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Exercise 3:
Answer 3
T-100 T-101 E-100
Absorber Column Batch Distillation Column Condenser
Insoluble ammonia
gas Hot water out
Ammonia gas
Ammonia liquid
Water 5 L/min
Cold water in
Ammonia-air
mixture 10 L/min
Ammonia-water mixture
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Y Letter
Area No. 1
Area No. 2
Area No. 3
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
A/B Letter
Example
Hot water Hot water
out out
Ethylene Ethylene liq. Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Cold Cold
water in water in
Ethanol
H2SO4
Hydrogen Ethane Hydrogen Ethane
Ni Ni
H2O H2O
P-100 B
A/B Letter
Example
Hot water Hot water
out out
Ethylene Ethylene liq. Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Cold Cold
water in water in
Ethanol
H2SO4
Hydrogen Ethane Hydrogen Ethane
Ni Ni
H2O H2O
P-100 B
Yes No No
Example 4
6
V-104
Cold water in
T-100 CV-101 V-106
CV-100
V-105
Ethanol 5
1 V-101 V-102
H2SO4
4 Hydrogen
V-100 9
V-103 V-107 Ni
R-100
R-101 Ethane
3 8 10
2
H2O
7
P-101
P-100
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD) (cont..)
Stream Information
600 Temperature
300
3 8 24 Pressure
9
6 7 10.3 Mass
1 10
Flowrate
108 Molar
600
Flowrate
24
2 5 12 Gas
Flowrate
11 Liquid
4
Flowrate
13
24
Example 5
6
V-104
Cold water in
T-100 CV-101 V-106
25 CV-100
28
V-105
Ethanol 5
1 V-101 V-102 38 20
H2SO4
4 Hydrogen
V-100 9
V-103 V-107 Ni
R-100
R-101 Ethane
3 8 10
2 35
31.0 H2O
35 7
P-101
32.2
P-100
Stream Information - Full stream data,
Stream 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number
Temperature 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54.0 45.1
(oC)
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39.0 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
(tonne/hr)
Mole flow 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0 758.8 1204.4 42.6 1100.8 142.2 244.0
(kmol/hr)
Example 6
R-100 P-100 T-100 E-100 P-101 R-101
Reactor Pump Distillation Column Condenser Pump Reactor
P-100
Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0 758.8 1204.4 42.6 1100.8 142.2 244.0
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0 758.8 1204.4 42.6 1100.8 142.2 244.0
R-100 P-100 T-100 E-100 P-101 R-101 NOTE:
Reactor Pump Distillation Column Condenser Pump Reactor
GATE VALVE
CHECK VALVE
Ethylene E-100 Ethylene liq.
PNEUMATIC DIAPHRAGM
6 VALVE
V-104
Cold water in
LIC V-106
25 T-100
CV-100 CV-101
28
V-105
Ethanol 5 20
1 V-101 V-102
H2SO4 4 38 Hydrogen
V-100 9
V-103 V-107 Ni
R-100
3 R-101 Ethane
2 8 10
35
35 31.0 7 H2O
32.2 P-101 LIC
P-100
fs
FLYSIS CHEMICAL
(M) SDN. BHD
Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PROCESS FLOW
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1 DIAGRAM
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
PRODUCTION OF
Vapor fraction ETHANE FROM ISSUED :
ETHANOL
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6 DRAWN BY :
PAGE : 1 OF 1
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0 758.8 1204.4 42.6 1100.8 142.2 244.0
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QUESTIONS?