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Introduction To Arc Welding
Introduction To Arc Welding
WELDING
(SMAW)
Terms & Definitions
Welding - Joining of two or more
pieces of metal together by the fusion
process
NOTE: In arc welding, heat is produced by the
electric arc created.
SMAW - Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Electrode - Metal rod which conducts
a current from the electrode holder to
the base metal
Base Metal - Metal to be welded
Continued
Bead Weld - Made by one pass of
the electrode
Bevel – Type of edge preparation
containing an angle
Butt Joint - Weld located between
the two edges of metal.
Crater - Depression at the end of a
weld
Safety precautions in SMAW
welding
Never look at the arc with the naked eye.
Use a welding hood that is in good
condition and has a #12 shade.
Wear suitable clothing to protect all parts
of the body. (PPE) personal protective
equipment
Long sleeved shirt
Leather gloves
Collar buttoned
Continued
Cuffs turned down
High topped shoes or boots
Hard Surfacing
EXX 24 Rutile AC, DCEP, DCEN Flat, Horiz. Fillet High Deposition
50% Iron Shallow Penetration
Powder
EXX 27 Mineral AC,DCEP, DCEN Flat, Horiz. Fillet High Deposition
50% Iron Shallow Penetration
Powder
Electrode Characteristics continued
AWS Current
Class Covering Requirements Position Characteristics
Tapping
Straight down and up
Characteristics of Proper Arc
Length
End of electrode is the same distance
from the base metal as the diameter
of electrode.
1/8” electrode = arc length 1/8”
Correct arc length makes a steady
hum of the welder.
Correct arc length makes a “frying”
sound at the arc
Like bacon frying in a pan
Parts of the welding process
Electrode
Wire core
Coating (flux)
Arc
Gaseous shield
Weld
Slag
Parts Continued
Heat lines
Base metal
Penetration
Crater
15 – 30 degree angle
Direction of travel
Principles of the SMAW
Process
Kinds of Welds
Fillet
Groove
Bead
Fillet Weld
Groove Welds
Continued
Types of Weld Joints
Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Tee Joint
Corner Joint
Edge Joint
Square Butt Joint
Tee Joints
A- plain tee
B- single beveled
C- double beveled
D- single J
E- double J
Lap Joints
A- single lap joint,
one weld.
B- single lap joint,
two welds.
C- offset lap joint.
Corner Joints
Edge Joints
Welding Positions
Flat
1F & 1G
Horizontal
2F & 2G
Vertical
3F & 3G
Overhead
4F & 4G
Weld Positions
Reason for Poor Welds
Machine adjustment too hot or too
cold
Electrode size too large or too small
Improper movement of electrode
Improper angle of holding electrode
Improper base metal preparation
Arc length too long or too short