BES 4/L

FLUID MECHANICS
ENGR. BERNIE E. BALO
Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
 DIMENSIONS
- a category that represents a physical quantity such as mass, length, time, momentum,
force, acceleration, and energy.

Units – assigns a number so that the dimension can be measured.

PRIMARY DIMENSIONS
Dimension Symbol Unit (SI)
Length L Meter (m)
Mass M Kilogram(kg)
Time T Second(s)
Temperature Ѳ Kelvin(K)
Electric Current I Ampere(A)
Amount of Light C Candela(cd)
Amount of Matter N Mole(mol)
 DIMENSIONLESS GROUP
Is any arrangement of variables in which the primary dimensions cancel.

𝑉
Mach Number 𝑀=
𝐶

Reynolds Number 𝜌𝑉𝐿

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
THE GRID METHOD
𝑊. 𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔. 𝑓𝑡
1.0 = 1.0 =
𝑁. 𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑓. 𝑠 2
𝑘𝑔. 𝑚 32.2 𝑙𝑏𝑚. 𝑓𝑡
1.0 = 1.0 =
𝑁. 𝑠 2 𝑙𝑏𝑓. 𝑠 2
 EXAMPLE
A water rocket is fabricated by attaching fins to a 1-liter
plastic bottle. The rocket is partially filled with water and the air
space above the water is pressurized, causing water to jet out of
the rocket and propel the rocket upward. The thrust force T from
the water is given by T=mV, where m is the rate at which the
water flows out of the rocket in units of mass per time and V is the
speed of the water jet. (a) Estimate the thrust force in newtons for
a jet velocity of V = 30 m/s (98.4 ft/s) where the mass flow rate is
m = 9 kg/s (19.8 lbm/s). (b) Estimate the thrust force in units of
pounds-force (lbf). Apply the grid method during your calculations.
 Fluid Mechanics Applications
HYDRAULICS – is the study of the flow of water through pipes, rivers, and
open-channels.
HYDROLOGY – is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water
throughout the earth.
AERODYNAMICS – study of air flow.
BIO-FLUID MECHANICS – is an emerging field that includes the study of the
lungs and circulatory system, blood flow, micro-circulation, and lymph flow.
ACOUSTICS – the study of sound.
MICROCHANNEL FLOW – is an emerging area that involves study of flow in
tiny passages.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) – is the application of numerical
methods implemented on computers to model and solve problems that involve
fluid flows.
 Fluid Mechanics Applications
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING – is the application of engineering to the exploration and
production of petroleum.
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE – is the study of atmosphere.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING – it involves in the flow of solder during a manufacturing
process, the cooling of a microprocessor by a fan, sizing of motors to operate pumps,
and the production of electrical power by wind turbines.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – application of science to protect or improve the
environment or to remediate polluted sites.
 FLUID POWER
- is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and
transmission of power-using pressurized fluids, a muscle that moves
industry.

Advantages of Fluid Power:

1. Ease and Accuracy of Control
2. Multiplication of Force
3. Constant force or torque
4. Simply, safety, economy
 Application of Fluid Power
1. Fluid power drives high-wire
overhead tram.
2. Fluid power is applied to
harvest corn.
3. Hydraulics power brush
drivers.
 Application of Fluid Power
4. Fluid power positions
and holds parts of
welding.
5. Fluid power performs
bridge maintenance.
6. Fluid power is the
muscle in industrial lift
trucks.
 Application of Fluid Power
7. Fluid power drives
front-end loaders.
8. Fluid power preserves
the heartbeat of life.
9. Hydraulics power
robotic dexterous arm.
Type of Fluid Control System
1. Closed-loop Control System
2. Open-loop Control System
3. Electrical Control System
4. Fluid Logic Control System
Personnel in Fluid Power Industry
1. Fluid Power Mechanics
2. Fluid Power Technicians
3. Fluid Power Engineers

Environmental Issues
1. Developing Biodegradable fluids
2. Reducing Oil Leakage
3. Reducing Noise Levels
 ASSIGNMENTS
Technical Paper No. 1: Fluid Mechanics Applications
- Fluid Power with applications, p. 34-36, 1-35
- Engineering Fluid Mechanics, p. 14, 1.1-1.6, 1.9-1.13

1/8 Index Card includes:

1x1 ID Picture, Name, Birthday, Year and Section

Note: Prepare for Quiz 1