Fluid Mechanics

Dua’a Telfah Ph.D

Department of Civil Engineering
Yarmouk University

Powerpoint Templates Page 1

 Introduction
Dr. Dua’a Telfah

 Specialization:  Office hour

Fluid Dynamics and Processes of Not determine yet
Environmental Engineering /Water
Resource Management
 Education:  Contact Detail:
 Ph.D. (2014-2018): Email:
University of Genoa
 M.Sc. (2013-2014):
Cologne University of Applied
Science (CUAS)-Germany and
University of Jordan-Jordan
 B.Sc. (2008-2012):
Jordan University of Science and
Technology
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 About the Course
Course:,Fluid Mechanics
Credit Hours: 3 credits
Course Schedule: Sunday/Tuesday/Thursday
Course Goals: Intends to provide understanding of the statics and dynamic
concepts of fluid flows.
Course Description: The course will begin with a review of fluid mechanics, fluid
properties, and basic units. Then it will discuss the fluid statics, pressure and its
measurements. Also, it will cover forces on plane and curved submerged
surfaces, buoyancy & floatation. Fluid in motion, Flow kinematics, visualization
and basic control volume approach will be argued. Moreover, differential and
integral continuity equation, pressure variation in flowing fluids, Euler’s and
Bernoulli’s equations and applications of Bernoulli equation will be introduced.
Momentum principle and its applications, Navier-Stokes equations, Energy
equation, Hydraulic and energy grade lines dimensional analysis and similitude
will be discussed. Finally, Flow in conduits, laminar and turbulent flows, frictional
and minor losses, piping systems will be introduced. Page 3
 Covered Topics
Topics Chapters in Text

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 1

Engineering
Properties of fluid Chapter 2

Fluid statics Chapter 3

Flowing Fluids and Pressure Chapter 4

Variation
Control Volume Approach and Chapter 5
Continuity Equation
Momentum Equation Chapter 6

The Energy Equation Chapter 7

Dimensional analysis and similitude Chapter 8

Flow in closed conduits Chapter 10

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 Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 1 :Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
and its applications

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 Introduction
• Mechanics is the field of science focused on the
motion of material bodies. Mechanics involves force,
energy, motion, deformation, and material properties.

• When mechanics applies to material bodies in the

solid phase, the discipline is called solid mechanics.
When the material body is in the gas or liquid phase,
the discipline is called fluid mechanics.

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 Introduction

• Fluid is a substance whose molecules move freely

past each other, It is a substance that will continuously
deform, that is, flow under the action of a shear stress.

• Fluids can be in gas or liquid states

• Fluid Mechanics: Branch of mechanic that deals with

the response or behavior of fluid either at rest or in
motion.

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 State of Material
1. Gas
fluid
2. Liquid
3. Solid

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 Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications:

To Design Dams, To Design water, oil To study Oceanography To study

Spillways, Hydraulic and gas pipeline and Coastal Engineering Water and Air
Jumps Networks Pollution

To design slabs
that resist to water
and groundwater To Design bridges To Design inshore Civil
pressures across rivers infrastructure

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 Dimensions and Units
• Dimension is a category that represents a physical quantity such as mass,
length, time, momentum, force, acceleration, and energy.

• Engineers express dimensions using a limited set that are called primary
dimensions.(length(L), mass (M) and time (T))

• Secondary dimensions such as momentum and energy can be related to

primary dimensions by using equations.(e.g. force, velocity, acceleration ,
etc)

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 Dimension and Units
 System of Units
 System International (SI)
► Fundamental dimensions: length, mass and time
► Units: (meter, kilogram and second)

 British Gravitation System (BG)

► Fundamental dimension: length, force and time
► Units: (ft, slug and second)

 The U.S. Customary System (USCS)

► Fundamental dimension: length, force and time
► Units: (ft, Ibm and second)

 CGS System
► Fundamental dimensions: length, mass and time
► Units: (centimeter, gram and second)

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 Units of Some Dimensions in Different Systems

► Fundamental Units
► length(L), mass (M) and time (T)
► Derived Units
► e.g., force(F), velocity(L/T), acceleration (L/T/T)
etc

Syste m Length Time Force Velocity Accele Energ y Power Tempe

ration rature

SI m s N m/s m/s/s N-m kg-m/s oC

BG ft s lb ft/s ft/s/s ft-lb ft-lb/s oF

CGS cm s dyne cm/s cm/s/s dyne- dyne- oC

cm cm/s

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The Grid Method

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 Important Prefixes
► e.g.,
► Force=1000000N
=1000KN
=1MN

Diameter=0.000001m
=1µm

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Conversions
► Length
► Time
► 1m=1000mm=100cm
► 1day=24hours
► 1ft=12inch
► 1 hour=60min
► 1m=3.281ft
► 1 min=60s
► 1Mile=5280ft= km

► Mass
► Volume
► 1kg=1000g
► 1m3=1000liters= cm3
► 1kg=2.204lb
► 1m3=35.32ft3
► 1kg=9.81N
► 1N= lb
?

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Fluid Mechanics

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 Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Applications:

To Design Dams, To Design water, oil To study Oceanography To study Water

Spillways, Hydraulic and gas pipeline and Coastal Engineering and Air Pollution
Jumps Networks

To design slabs that

resist to water and
groundwater To Design bridges To Design inshore Civil
pressures across rivers infrastructure Page 18
 Branches of Fluid Mechanics
► Fluid Statics: It is the branch of fluid mechanics which
deals with the response/behavior of fluid when they are
at rest.
► Fluid kinematics: It deals with the response of fluid
when they are in motion without considering the
energies and forces in them.
► Hydrodynamics: It deals with the behavior of fluids
when they are in motion considering energies and
forces in them.
► Hydraulics: It is the most important and
practical/experimental branch of fluid mechanics which
deals with the behavior of water and other fluid either at
rest or in motion.

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 Applications and Connections
• Hydraulics is the study of the flow of water through pipes, rivers, and
open-channels. Hydraulics is important for ecology, policymaking,
energy production, recreation, fish and game resources, and water
supply.
• Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of
water throughout the earth. Hydrology involves the hydraulic cycle and
water resource issues. Hydrology is important nowadays because of
global challenges in providing water for human societies.
• Aerodynamics is the study of air flow. Aerodynamics is important for the
design of vehicles, for energy conservation, and for understanding
nature.
• Bio-fluid mechanics is an emerging field that includes the study of the
lungs and circulatory system, blood flow, micro-circulation, and lymph
flow. Bio-fluids also includes development of artificial heart valves,
stents, vein and dialysis shunts, and artificial organs. Bio-fluid
mechanics is important for advancing health care.

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 Applications and Connections
• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the application of numerical
methods implemented on computers to model and solve problems that
involve fluid flows. Examples of flows that are modeled by CFD include
water flow in a river, blood flow in the abdominal aorta, and air flow
around an automobile.
• Petroleum engineering is the application of engineering to the
exploration and production of petroleum. Movement of oil in the ground
involves flow through a porous medium. Petroleum extraction involves
flow of oil through passages in wells. Oil pipelines involve pumps and
conduit flow.
• Environmental engineering involves the application of science to
protect or improve the environment (air, water, and /or land resources) or
to remediate polluted sites. Environmental engineers design water
supply and wastewater treatment systems for communities.
Environmental engineers are concerned with local and worldwide
environmental issues such as acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution,
and air pollution.

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 Homework 1

• 1.1
• 1.4
• 1.5
• 1.10
• 1.11

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 Thank you
► Let’s discuss if you have any question….

► Feel free to contact:

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