ROUTE SURVEYING

Route Survey- a survey for determining the route of a proposed

pipe line,power line,cable,road are other linear
facilities in order to acquire a right of way, servitude or easement
from the property owner being
Crossed .
TYPES OF ROUTE SURVEYING
Reconnaissance

Preliminary surveys

Location survey

Construction survey
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

-Gather sufficient information to select

one or more possible routes

• Assemble basic information

1.Topograpy map
2. Cadastral maps / GIS
3.Aerial photos
EVALUATE
1. General topography
2. Geology
3. Meteorological statistics
4. Flood records
5. Unsuitable terrain
6. Land use and ownership /local authorities' GIS
7. Existiong services
8. Existing communications
• FIELD RECONNAISSANCE

-to confirm assembled data

• CHOOSE

- possible routes

• NOTIFY

- RELEVANT AUTHORITIES
Reconnaissance:
-A reconnaissance survey
is a rapid but through examination of an
area or a strip of territory between the
terminal to determine which of the
several possible routes may be worthy.
- It is the most important of
the series of survey mentioned
Reconnaissance instruments

1.Pedometer
2.Prismatic compass
3.Aneroid Barometer
4.Level or clinometer
PEDOMETER:
1. The device which count steps and
measure the distance automatically is
known as Pedometer.
2. It is similar to passometer but
difference is that passometer count the
number of paces whereas pedometer
records the distance.
3. It is adjusted according to the length
of the pace of the person carrying it.
Prismatic compass:

1. Used for directions.

2. The relative elevations

of points on rough terrain
or heavily wooded areas
determined directly from
the topography map
Android Barometer:
Measuring
difference of
elevations to an
accuracy of form
½ to 1 ½ m
Level or clinometer:
Relative slope of the ground
or approximate difference in elevations
Selection of Route :
1.Valley location.
2.Cross country location.
3.Ridge line location.
Valley location:
The route follows the valley and drainage lines of an area
and has few excessive grades.

• There is often danger of washouts and floods.

• The reconnaissance of the route include the entire valley by

crossing the valley at straight points.
CROSS COUNTRY LOCATION:

• The Line is located in opposition to the drainage.

• Line crosses the ridges very often and will have steep grade.
• Construction costs along such a line may also excessive.

RIDGE LINE LOCATION:

• Locations along ridges are relatively free of drainage problems and major
drainage structures.
• Steep grades are encountered when the location drops into valleys or when
the ridge is regained.
PRELIMINARY SURVEYING

Collect sufficient information to design the horizontal and

vertical alignment and thus

• Likely earthwork quantities

• intersection details
• bridge and culvert sites
• stream diversions
• Land resumptions
• Water catchments
• Flood levels
• Road building materials
SURVEY METHODOLOGY

1.Place traverse sections along proposed routes

2.Establish basic horizontal and vertical control
3.Control traverse between traverse station for horizontal coordinates
4.Spirit level vertical control (if necessary)
5.Draw paper location for minimum gradient and curvature,
a earth quake,suitable cross sections
Instruments used in this survey:

1.Transit.
2.The compass.
3.The Engineer's level.
4.Hand level or any clinometer
5.Levelling staff
6. Chains and tapes
7. Plane tape.
8. Substense bar
PRELIMINARY SURVEY is taken by three party

The transit party

consist of four to seven person conducts traverse and measure azimuth

Records topographical details,property lines,drainage structures pipelines,road and railways

LEVEL PARTY (3 PERSON)

1.Establish benchmarks
2.Conducts I-S and C-S surveying

TOPOGRAPHY OR CROSS SECTION PARTY

Detail topography survey

 LOCATION SURVEY FOR HIGHWAYS

• Centerline line is marked at 30m interval

• Benchmark for every 300m
• Cross section for every 30m
• All detail of the cross drainage work
• Topographic detail
• Soil survey
• Total land width of highway
• Tangent points and intersection points
1. Ground location of proposed line marked on the
map
2. The main purpose of this survey is to make minor
improvements on the line as may appear
desirable on the ground and to fix up the fixed
grades
3. Line finally located on the ground is called field
location
4. Tangents , curves and drainage structures are
established by continuous transit survey
5. Profile levels are run over the centre line
6.Bench marks are established and profile made
which shows the ground line and the grade line.
7.the notes are taken at every full station and at
intermediate points along the line.
8.Great care should be exercised to take the
observations at 90 degree to the center line
9.Close proximity of the located lines are surveyed
CONSTUCTION SURVEY

- urban equivalent to the Working Survey

• Route is pre-determined by the presence of existing reserves

• General survey requirements are the same as for working surveys

• Density of detail is such that the procedure of the observation and

recording may have to be varied
1. Re- establish points ,lines and grades during construction.
2. Staking out details of Bridges and culverts.

Purpose:

1.Retracing the centre line on the plan.

2.Checking benchmarks.
3.Taking elevations at all points.
4.Setting slope stakes and curves.
5.Setting and takes for culverts and Bridges.
6.Making minor adjustments and advantageous changed.
7.Progress report and final estimate.