WEB CLEAT

CONNECTIONS
Connections are structural elements used for joining
different members of a structural steel frame work.

Steel Structure is an assemblage of different

member such as “BEAMS,COLUMNS” which are
connected to one other, usually at member ends
fastners,so that it shows a single composite unit.
Bolts

Weld
Connecting Plates

Connecting Angles
On the Basis of Connecting Medium.

According to the type of internal forces.

According to the type of structural Elements

According to the type of members joining

Riveted Connections

Bolted Connections
Welded Connections

Bolted-Welded Connections
 Used for very long time.
Made up of:
Round Ductile steel bar called shank.
A head at one end

The length of the rivet should sufficient to form the

second head.

Design - very similar to bearing type of

bolted connection.
The introduction of high strength structural bolts.
The labour costs associated with large riveting
crews
The cost involved in careful inspection and removal
of poorly installed rivets.
The high level of noise associated with driving
rivets.
• Fastened Together primarily by Bolts.

• Bolts may be loaded in

Tension
Shear
both Tension & Shear

• Threads of bolts under shear force:

Excluded - Increased Strength

Included - Decreased Strength
ADVANTAGES

1. The bolting operation is very silent

2. Bolting is a cold process hence there is no risk of fire
3. Bolting operation is more quicker than riveting.
4. Less man power is required in making the connections.

Disadvantages
1. If subjected to vibratory loads, results in reduction in
strength get loosened.
2. Unfinished bolts have lesser strength because of non
uniform diameter
WHOSE
COMPONENTS ARE
JOINED TOGETHER
PRIMARILY BY
WELDS.
• Groove ( More reliable than others)
Fillet (Mostly used, Weaker than groove and
others)
Plug (expensive – poor transmission of tensile
forces)
Slot (expensive - poor transmission of tensile
forces)
Plug and Slot welds – stitch different partsof
members together.
Economical – Cost of materials and labors.
Efficiency is 100% as compared to rivets (75- 90%)
Fabrication of Complex Structures – Easy – like
Circular Steel pipes.
Provides Rigid Joints – Modern Practice is of Rigid
Joints.
No provision for expansion or contraction therefore
greater chances of cracking.

Uneven heating and cooling - member may distort -

may result in additional stresses.

Inspection is difficult and more costlier than rivets

 MOST CONNECTIONS ARE SHOP
WELDED AND FIELD BOLTED TYPES.

More Cost Effective

Better Strength &
Ductility characteristics –Fully
welded
SHEAR (SEMI RIGID, SIMPLE) CONNECTIONS

Moment (rigid) connections

Single plate angle Connections
Double web angle connections
Top and seated angle connections
Seated beam connections
 Two Step Process
A plate is welded to secondary section (beam)
An Angle is welded to Primary Section (column or
Beam)
single shear plate welded to secondary
beam and bolted to Primary beam or column.
 Two angles welded or shop bolted to the web
of a secondary beam.
After erection the angles are bolted or site
welded to the primary member (beam or
column).
 Generally used in case of moment connections.
Two angles are provided at top and bottom of
the beam to resist moment.
Generally used for lesser moments where
heavy loads are not acting
 Generally used in case of shear connections.
A seating angle - at bottom of secondary
beam - shop welded to the primary member.
Seating angle resists vertical shear
coming from the beam.
 Beam to beam connections
Column to column connections
(column splices)
Beam to Column Connections
Column Base Plate Connections
 Two Types
Primary Beam to Secondary Beam Connection

Beam Splice
 Connects column to column.
Column splice comes under this category.
Used to connect column sections of different
sizes.
Splices - designed for both moment
and shear unless intended to
utilize the splices as internal
hinges.
 Connects Beam to column.
Very Common

A wide range of different types are

used Fin Plates
End Plates
Web or Flange Cleats
Hunched Connections
 Beams are normally attached using two or
more bolts through the web.
End plate connections
single plate welded to the end of the beams
Bolted to the column flange or web - two or bolts
pair.
Fin plate connections
Single Plate welded to the Column.
Beams are normally attached using two or more
bolts through the web.
 Steel plates placed at the bottom of Columns.
Function - to transmit column loads to
the concrete pedestal.
The design of a column base plate:
determining the size of the plate.
determining the thickness of the plate
 A layer of grout should be placed between
the base plate and its support for the purpose
of leveling.
Anchor bolts should
be provided to stabilize
the column during
erection or to prevent
uplift.
Thank you