Feedback Mechanism of

Endocrine , Reproductive System,

Nervous System and
Coordinated Functions.

-EUNICE
What is Endocrine System?
• The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system
comprising feedback loops of hormones released by
internal glands of an organism directly into the
circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In
humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid
gland and the adrenal glands.
What is the function of Endocrine System?
• The endocrine system is made up of glands
that produce and secrete hormones, chemical
substances produced in the body that regulate
the activity of cells or organs. These hormones
regulate the body's growth, metabolism (the
physical and chemical processes of the body),
and sexual development and function.
Feedback Mechanism of Endocrine System

• A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product

feeds back to control its own production. Most hormone
feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops.
Negative feedback keeps the concentration of a hormone
within a narrow range.
Endocrine System Feedback
• Negative feedback regulation works much the same way in
your body as it does on the road. For example, your pancreas (an
important gland in your endocrine system) relies on negative
feedback to regulate blood glucose levels. An influx of glucose, say
from a carbohydrate-heavy dinner, triggers your pancreas to
produce a hormone called insulin. Insulin's message to your body
is to take up that extra sugar into cells in order to bring your blood
sugar back to the target level. Once enough glucose has been taken
up by your cells, your pancreas stops secreting insulin.
Negative Feedback Mechanism of Endocrine System

• Here’s how thyroid regulation works. The hypothalamus

secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or TRH. TRH
stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-
stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH, in turn, stimulates the
thyroid gland to secrete its hormones. When the level of
thyroid hormones is high enough, the hormones feedback
to stop the hypothalamus from secreting TRH and the
pituitary from secreting TSH. Without the stimulation of
TSH, the thyroid gland stops secreting its hormones. Soon,
the level of thyroid hormone starts to fall too low.
Negative Feedback Mechanism of Endocrine System
Positive Feedback Mechanism of Endocrine System
What is Reproductive System?

• The reproductive system or genital system is a system

of sex organs within an organism which work together
for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Many non-living
substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are
also important accessories to the reproductive system.
Feedback Mechanism of Reproductive System

• The feedback mechanisms involved in regulating processes in

the female reproductive system was complex. When the menstrual
cycle begins, the increased GnRH secretion from Hypothalamus
causes the Pituitary to increase its output of FSH and LH, and the
surge of LH causes the primary oocyte to complete meiosis I and
undergo cytoplasmic division, and trigger ovulation, and the
Pituitary and Hypothalamus works the control of secretion of
hormones and balance them.
What is the function of the Reproductive System?
• The female reproductive system
is designed to carry out several
functions. It produces the female
egg cells necessary for
reproduction, called the ova or
oocytes. The system is designed to
transport the ova to the site of
fertilization.
Positive and Negative Feedback Mechanism of Male
Reproductive System

• Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Involved in Male Reproduction.
Testosterone, DHT, and estradiol all
provide negative feedback to the
hypothalamus with respect to GnRH
release, and testosterone can also directly
inhibit LH secretion by gonadotropes.
Positive and Negative Feedback Mechanism of Female
Reproductive System
What is Nervous System?

• The nervous system is a complex network of nerves

and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and
spinal cord to various parts of the body.The Central
nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord
and The Peripheral nervous system is made up of the
Somatic and the Autonomic nervous systems.
What is the function of Nervous System?
• The nervous system has three main
functions: To collect sensory input
from the body and external
environment. To process and
interpret the sensory input. To
respond appropriately to the
sensory input.
Feedback Mechanism of Nervous System

• The nervous system regulates the feedback

mechanism by initiating the signal that will inhibit or
release hormones. This signal can be in a form of
releasing or inhibiting hormone. This hormone will target
a specific endocrine gland, that will secrete hormone in
response to the stimuli given.
Negative Feedback Mechanism of Nervous System

• Any homeostatic process that

changes the direction of the
stimulus is a negative feedback
loop. An example of negative
feedback is the maintenance of
blood glucose levels. When an
animal has eaten, blood glucose
levels rise, which is sensed by the
nervous system.
Positive Feedback Mechanism of Nervous System
• A positive feedback loop maintains
the direction of the stimulus and
possibly accelerates it. Another example
of positive feedback is uterine
contractions during childbirth. The
hormone oxytocin, made by the
endocrine system, stimulates the
contraction of the uterus. This produces
pain sensed by the nervous system.
Thank you!!!