TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON

“SMART MATERIALS &

SYSTEMS”

PANKAJ
Roll no. 09161010
M.TECH.(IPD&M)
Dept. of mechanical engg.& tech.
Guru Jambheshwar university of science & technology (Hisar)
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
a. Smart Materials
b. Smart Systems
c. Dumb Materials & Biomimetics
Examples of Biomimetics
Types of smart materials
Examples of Smart systems
 Smart materials
 SMs referred to materials having functions such as
sensibility, micro processing and actuation
“Intelligent Materials”

Senses a stimulus (eyes).

Takes an intelligent decision (brain).
Through electronic feedback it takes
corrective/preventive measures to avoid
catastrophic situations (arm).

One of the emerging materials in today’s

developments of material S&T
 SMART SYSTEMS
 Comprises smart materials
Concept indicate few more special functions which are
not being found in traditional structural materials
 comprises of basic components sensor, actuator and
Control unit
 Dumb materials and Biomimetics
Dumb materials have been preprocessed and/or designed to offer
only a limited set of responses to external stimuli.

Dumb’ materials and structures contrast sharply with the natural

world where animals and plants have the clear ability to adapt to
their environment in real time

Biomimetics
inspiration rather than imitation”

“design inspired by nature”

 
Example of Biomimetics

• pine-cone model
• adapts to changing
temperatures
by opening when warm or
shutting tight if cold
EXAMPLES OF BIOMIMETICS

Drag reduction by
shark skin

 special alignment and grooved structure

of tooth-like scales embedded in shark skin decrease
drag and thus greatly increase swimming proficiency

 Airbus fuel consumption down 1½% when “shark

skin” coating applied to aircraft
EXAMPLES OF BIOMIMETICS
Lotus effect
 most efficient self-cleaning
plant
= great sacred lotus
 mimicked in paints and
other surface coatings
 pipe cleaning in oil refineries
(Norway)
 Types of Smart Materials
1. Shape memory alloys.
2. Piezoelectric materials
3. Magnetostrictive and
Electrostrictive materials
4. Active fluids
5. Ph and temperature
sensitive polymers.
6. Optical fibres
 SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY
 SMA is a material having ability to return to its
previous shape after being deformed by
temperature changes or by just releasing the
stress.
• TWO TYPES OF COMMON
EFFECTS ARE:
1) ONE WAY EFFECT
2) TWO WAY EFFECT

Example: Nitinol TiNi, a) INITIAL STATE

b) DEFORMED SHAPE
copper-Zinc , copper -Tin c) HEATING
d) BACK TO ORIGINAL SHAPE
 Piezoelectric Materials

Piezo = Pressure
Piezoelectric Effects : Electric charge is created when
material is mechanical stressed
Piezoceramics are the most
widely used smart material

Applications
Medical Diagnostics.
High frequency stereo-speakers.
Computer Keyboards.
Microphones.
 Magnetostrictive and Electrostrictive materials
Electrostrictive & Magnetostrictive
: A swift , linear shape change ( expand or contract ) in response to
an electric field/Magnetic field , instantly

Movement generated due to

Expansion in presence of forces b/w magnetic poles
electric fields

Applications Examples : Metglass, Terfenol-D

High-power sonar transducers. Lead magnesium niobiate
Motors., Hydraulic actuators.
 ACTIVE FLUIDS
Respond to an electric or a magnetic
field with a change in viscosity
Applications
• Tunable dampers.
• Vibration-isolation systems.
• Clutches.
• Brakes.
• Resistance Controls

Examples : Electrolytes , polar

fluids
 pH AND TEMPERATURE
SENSITIVE POLYMERS

• pH-sensitive polymers are materials which

swell/collapse when the pH of the
surrounding media changes.
• Temperature-responsive polymers are
materials which undergo changes upon
temperature.
Examples :ethyl acrylamide (EAAm) 
Used as surface modifiers , drug delivery
 Optical Fibres
Fibres that use intensity, phase, frequency or
polarization of modulation to measure strain,
temperature, electrical/magnetic fields, pressure and
other measurable quantities
Smart Systems : AIR BAGS IN CARS
 Smart Systems
Locations of Potential Smart Systems in an
Aircraft
Smart System : Smart Bridge
 The Future

Worldwide, considerable effort is being deployed to develop

smart materials and structures. The technological benefits of
such systems have begun to be identified and,
demonstrators are under construction for a wide range of
applications from space and aerospace, to civil engineering
and domestic products

The development of true smart materials at the

atomic scale is still some way off, although the
enabling technologies are under development.