Microcontroller & Microprocessor

Based Control Systems For Electric

Drives
Parth Kelkar – S 64
Kundan Khade – S 65
Aditya Khedekar – S 70
Atharv Khutale – S 71
Microcontroller

 A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a

specific operation in an embedded system.

 Core elements of a microcontroller are:

1. The processor (CPU)
2. Memory – Program & Data Memory
3. I/O peripherals

 Supporting elements of a microcontroller include

1. Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
2. Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)
3. System bus etc.
Microprocessors in drive technology

 Static Ward Leonard control of dc motor using dual

converters

 Four quadrant control of dc motor using multiphase

choppers

 Control of PWM inverter for ac motors

 Four quadrant operation of CSI fed ac drives

 Four quadrant operation of cycloconverter fed ac drives

 Static motor starters

Functions of a microprocessor

 Generating and providing firing  Estimation of feedback signals and

pulses to the converters computation of reference quantities

 Generation of necessary waveforms which cannot be directly measured,

to feed the motors such as torque and flux

 Nonlinear function generation.  Identification and adaptation of

variable parameters
 Processing the measured signals,
 Adaptive control and optimization
such as voltage, current and speed

 Storing and processing the  General sequencing control

information of controlled quantities  Monitoring and warnings

Control of DC Drives Using Microprocessors

Block Diagram Of Separately Excited Dc Motor By Microprocessor

Elements

 Speed sensing :
• Train of pulses is processed to measure the speed
 Feedback control:
• CURRENT : armature current (Ia) is measured and fed to microprocessor after converting it into digital quantity
with A/D converter.
 Controllers and limiters :
• Controls parameter & adaptive in nature
• Improves performance and flexibility
 Converter :
• Feeds back emf load
• Operates in discontinuous mode of operation
 Gate firing signals :
• A microprocessor is programmed to generate the firing pulses.
• The digitized ac power signals are used to determine the firing delay (firing angle)
• The firing scheme must provide high dynamic performance to the drive
Control System Design Of Variable Speed Drives

 The main stages in the design are:

 System analysis: in this stage the complete structure of the system is
formulated.

 Computer simulation: if the system is complicated with several control loops and
variables, a computer simulation of the system may be useful.

 Hardware design: in this stage a decision is made, before selecting a microprocessor,

boundary between the local hardware and microprocessor software.

 Software design: many of the functions of the microprocessor are software supported.
The implementation of compensators, generation of PWM signals of A PWM inverter, etc.
Are carried out by suitable software.
Steps for selection of microprocessor

 Suitability of the performance of the microprocessor

 Suitability of the functions of the processor for intended purpose:

 The reliability of the system

 Cost of the equipment

 Possibility for the expansion of the system to meet future needs.

Applications Of Microprocessors In The Area Of DC Drives

 Chopper controlled four quadrant dc drives using separately excited dc Motor or dc series

motor.

 Multiphase chopper controlled dc drives

 Pulse width controlled dc drives

 The multiple firing schemes for improving the performance of dc drives, eg: TRC and

CLC.