INTODUCTION TO ISLAMIC LAW

AND JURISPRUDENCE
BASIC CONCEPT

HISTORY

IMPORTANCE

SOURCES

NATURE
 Usool (Islamic Principles)
 Daleel (Basis / Evidence / Logical Argument)
 Rajaah (Preferred one / Accepted / Selected one)
 Qaida (Law/Rules)
 Istishaab (Reality)

 Fiqah (Jurisprudence)
 Understanding/Comprehending in deep
 Knowledge obtained from detailed sources of Shariah
regarding Islamic orders concerned with actions.
 Ahkaam (Orders) (Laws)(ISLAMIC LAW)
 Two Types: (a) Ihjaabi (Positive) (b) Salbii (Negative)
 Farz (Obligatory)
 Wajib (Obligatory)
 Haraam (Prohibited)
 Mukrooh (a) Tehreemi (b)Tanzeehi
 Sunnah (a) Muakadaah (b) Ghair Muakadaah
 Mustahaab (Recommended)
 Mubaah (No Gain No Loss)
 Shariah
Linguistically:
 Clear Path
 Open Path
 Vast Path
 Straight Path
 Attaining water directly or by source
Technically:
The path of the life that has been chosen by ALLAH APOSTLE
for humanity through Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him).
 Usool -e- Fiqaah
(Islamic Jurisprudence)
 Rules and Regulations that help us to derive knowledge
from detailed sources of Shariah regarding Islamic orders
concerned with actions.
 To attain success in this world and hereafter.

 To study the detailed sources of Shariah and analyse them.

 To understand the rules and regulation used to derive laws and

orders from detailed sources in order to use them for future.

 To protect the religion.

 To remove doubt and answer questions posed.

 Period of Prophet
(Peace Be Upon Him)
 Hadith Maaz Bin Jabal

Period of Sahaba
(May ALLAH Be Please with them)

 Hadith of Hazrat Ali Bin Abi Talib(R.A)

 Hadith of Hazrat Abdullah Bin Masood(R.A)
First Official Scriptures
Muhammad Yousaf

Muhammad Ibn Idrees Ashaafi

o Ar – Risalaah

Ahmad ibn Humbal

SOURCES OF
ISLAM / ISLAM
JURISPRUDENCE
/ ISLAMIC LAW/
SHARIAH
 MAIN SOURCES

Main

Quran Hadith
1. HOLY QURAN
Holy Quran is the first source of Islamic law.
Muslims believe the Quran to be the direct
words of Allah, as revealed to and transmitted
by the Prophet Muhammad. All sources of
Islamic law must be in essential agreement with
the Quran, the most fundamental source of
Islamic knowledge. The Quran is therefore
regarded as the definitive authority on matters
of Islamic law and practice. It is only when the
Quran itself does not speak directly to or in
detail about a certain subject, that Muslims turn
to alternative sources of Islamic law.
2. HADITH
Hadith is the second source of Islamic law. The Hadith is a
collection of writings documenting the traditions or known
practices of the Prophet Muhammad, many of which have been
recorded in the volumes of Hadith literature. The resources
include many things that he said, did, or agreed to—mostly
based on his life and practice based entirely on the words and
principles of the Quran. It was also common for people to ask
the Prophet directly for legal rulings on various matters. When
he passed judgment on such matters, all of these details were
recorded, and they were used for reference in future legal
rulings. Many issues concerning personal conduct, community
and family relations, political matters, etc. were addressed
during the time of the Prophet, decided by him, and recorded.
The Sunnah can thus serve ​to clarify details of what is stated
generally in the Quran, making its laws applicable to real-life
situations. Hadith is also an explanation to the Holy Quran when
its comes to clarify concepts of prayers and giving alms etc.
 Secondary Sources

Secondary

Ijmaah Qiyaas
 3. IJMA
(CONSENSUS)
Ijma is the third source of Islamic law. In situations when
Muslims have not been able to find a specific legal ruling
in the Quran or Sunnah, the consensus of the community is
sought, or at least the consensus of the legal scholars within
the community. Islamic scholars define "community" in
different ways, depending on the situation: for example,
ijma al-ummah is a consensus of the entire community,
while ijma al-aimmah is a consensus by religious
authorities. The Prophet Muhammad once said that his
community (i.e. the Muslim community) would never
agree on an error. Ijma has its roots from the Holy Quran as
well :
And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has
become clear to him and follows other than the way of the
believers - We will give him what he has taken and drive him
into Hell, and evil it is as a destination.(Al-Quran 4:115)
 4. QIYAS
(ANALOGY)
Qiyas is the fourth source of Islamic Law. In
cases when something needs a legal ruling but
has not ever been clearly addressed in the other
sources, judges may use the analogy, reasoning,
and legal precedent to decide new case law.
This is often the case when a general principle
can be applied to new situations. For example,
when recent scientific evidence showed that
tobacco smoking is hazardous to human health,
Islamic authorities deduced that the Prophet
Mohammad's words "Do not harm yourselves
or others" could indicate that smoking should be
forbidden for Muslims. 
Nature
 Surah AL-MAOOON (107)
(Makki) (7)
THE DAILY NECESSARIES
Verse Number : 1 - 7
Topic: KINDNESS
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

Have you not

seen
‫ت‬
َ َْ‫َي‬‫أ‬‫َر‬
‫أ‬
Those ِ
‫الَّذ ْي‬
Deny
‫ب‬
ُ ُِّ
‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬َ ‫ي‬
Judgment day. ِ
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

For that
‫ك‬ ِ
َ ‫فَ َذل‬
Those ِ
‫الَّذي‬
Snub Orphan.
)2( ‫يم‬ِ‫ت‬‫ْي‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬
ُّ ‫د‬
ُ ‫ي‬
َ َ َ
And don't
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

Upon
‫َعلَى‬
Feeding the
poor.
ِ‫طَ َع ِام ال ِْم ْس ِكين‬
)3(
So woe
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

For prayers
)4( ‫ين‬ِّ
‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬
ْ ِ
‫ل‬
َ َ ُ
Those
‫ين‬‫ذ‬ِ َّ‫ال‬
َ
Who
‫ُه ْم‬
About
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

Their prayers ِ ِ
‫صاَل ته ْم‬
َ
Neglectful.
)5( ‫اهو َن‬َُ ‫س‬
Those who
‫ين ُه ْم‬ ِ
‫ذ‬ َّ
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
َ
Show off.
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

And they
deny.
‫َويَ ْمَنعُو َن‬

Small
necessaries.
)7( ‫ال َْماعُو َن‬
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

)2( ‫يم‬ِ‫ الْيت‬1‫ع‬

ُّ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ِ َّ
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ 1
‫ك‬ ِ
‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ف‬ ) 1 ( 1
‫ن‬ ِ ‫ي‬ ِّ
‫الد‬ِ‫ب‬ 1
‫ب‬ ِّ ِ َّ
َ َ َُ َ َ َ ُ ُ ‫ ال‬1‫ت‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬
َ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬ َ ْ‫أ ََرأَي‬
)4( ‫ين‬ ِّ
‫ل‬ ‫ص‬ ‫م‬ ‫ل‬
ْ ِ‫) َفويل ل‬3( ‫ض َعلَى طَع ِام ال ِْمس ِكي ِن‬ ُّ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬
‫اَل‬
َ ُ ٌ َ َ ْ ْ َ ُ َ َ
Have you seen the one who denies the
Recompense?(1) For that is the one
who drives away the orphan(2) And
does not encourage the feeding of the
poor(3) So woe to those who pray(4)
 SURAH AL-MAOOON (‫)س ورة ا ملاعون‬

ِ َّ
‫ ُه ْم‬1‫) الذي َن‬5( ‫اهو َن‬ ِ ِ ِ َّ
ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ ْ ُ َ ‫ال‬
1
‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اَل‬ 1
‫ص‬ 1
‫ن‬ ‫ع‬ 1
‫م‬ ‫ه‬ 1
‫ن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ذ‬
)7( ‫) َويَ ْمَنعُو َن ال َْماعُو َن‬6( ‫ُي َراءُو َن‬
[But] who are heedless of their
prayer (5) Those who make
show [of their deeds] (6) And
withhold [simple] assistance (7)
QURANIC ARABIC WORDS
 PRESENT/ FUTURE TENSE (‫)ف علمضارع‬

He is ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ك‬
ْ ‫ي‬
ْ َ
writing. / He
will write.
He is sitting. / ‫س‬ ِ‫جَي ل‬
He will sit. ْ ْ
He is ‫يَ ْد ُخ ْل‬
entering. / He
will enter.
 PRESENT/ FUTURE TENSE (‫)ف علمضارع‬

He is ‫خَي ُْر ْج‬

going. /
He will go.
He is ‫يَْنظُْر‬
looking. /
He will look.
He is ‫يَ ْس َم ْع‬
listening. /
Thank You