Course No.

: CE-2106
Credit: 0.75
COURSE TITLE: DESIGN OF CONCRETE
STRUCTURE-1 SESSIONAL

GROUP NO:(A2-2)
WELCOME
To
Presentation
on
BEAM
 Present to:
Dr. Md khasro Miah
Md. Suman Mia
Asst.-Professor
Md. Tarek Hasan
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Dhaka University of
Engineering & Technology, Gazipur
 Content

 Definition
 Types of Beam
 Special types of beam
 Size of beam
 Reinforcement of beam
 Development length & Anchorage length
 Clear spacing & Covering
 Joint of beam & column
 Some damage picture of beam
 Definition of Beam

 Horizontal or inclined structural member spanning a distance

between one or more supports, and carrying vertical loads across
(transverse to) its longitudinal axis.
 Generally horizontal member of a structure, Carries transverse
loads.
Some Pictures of Beam
 Types of Beams
Based on the placement of
reinforcement:
1.Singly reinforced Beam
2.Doubly reinforced Beam

Fig . Singly & Doubly reinforced section of beam

 Types of Beams

Based on Shape:
Rectangular Beam

T – Beam

L – Beam

I - Beam
 Types of Beams

•Based on Support

•Simply supported – a beam supported on the

ends which are free to rotate and have no
moment resistance.
Fixed – a beam supported on both ends
and restrained from rotation.

• Over hanging – a simple beam

extending beyond its support on one
end.
 Types of Beams

•Double overhanging – a simple beam with

both ends extending beyond its supports on
both ends.

•Continuous – a beam extending over more

than two supports.

•Cantilever – a projecting beam fixed only at

one end.
 Types of Beam

According to design:

I. Balanced Beam

II. Under Reinforced Beam

III. Over Reinforced Beam

 Types of Beam

According to equilibrium:

I. Statically Determinate Beam II. Statically Indeterminate

Beam
 Special Type of Beam

Spandrel Beam : An exterior beam extending from

column to column usually carrying an exterior wall
load .
 Size of Beam

 Minimum width 10″ (250 mm) and b/h ≥ 0.3 and more than
the width of the supporting member(BNBC-8.3.4)

 Clear span shall not be less than 4 times of effective depth.

 Beam span not less than 3h

 Reinforcement in Beams
* Reinforcement are provided to
resist tensile stresses due to bending
and shear in beams.
 Types of the Reinforcement in
Beam
Transverse Reinforcement (Stirrup)
Longitudinal Reinforcement

To resist flexural stress Mainly used for resist shear and diagonal
tension.
To resist shear stress
Hold longitudinal bar in proper position.
To resist torsional stress
Reduce shear cracking propagation
 Reinforcement in Beam
  Minimum reinforcement:
>=(200/ 𝑓𝑦) {psi}

Maximum reinforcement:
⍴𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 ⍴𝑏 but not more than 0.025 (BNBC: 8.3.4.2)
where ⍴𝑏 = balanced steel ratio

 At least two bars shall be provided continuously at top and

bottom

 For Bick Aggregate concrete ⍴ shall be increased 50%

 Reinforcement of Beams
Stirrup size should be
# 3 (10mm) bar if longitudinal bar ≤ # 10 (32mm) bar # 4 bar if longitudinal bar ≥ #
11 (36 mm) bar (ACI Code 7.10.5 )

If main bar is <30mm, then 10mmф bar use as Stirrups, If main bar ≥32mm, then
12mmф bar use as Stirrup.(BNBC 8.1.11.1)
 Reinforcement in Beam
SPACING: (BNBC 8.3.10.4 )
Maximum spacing ( Mid Span)
d/2
16 X Minimum Dia of Main Bar
48 X Dia of Stirrup
The first stirrup shall be located not more than 50 mm from
the supporting face.

Maximum spacing ( For Hoops ) :

d/4
8 X Minimum dia of Main bar
24 X dia of stirrup
300 mm

Stirrup shall not be placed at more than d/2 throughout the

length of the member
 Hooks For Stirrup
ACI standard hooks for stirrups
•16 bar and smaller, 90-degree bend plus 6db
extension at free end of bar.

•19, No. 22, and No. 25 bar, 90-degree bend plus 12db
extension at free end of bar

•25 bar and smaller, 135-degree bend plus 6db

extension at free end of bar.
 Anchorage and Development Length

The development length (ld) is the shortest length of bar

in which the bar stress can increase from zero to the
yield strength (fy). It is different in tension and
compression, and basic equation for each case are as
follow:
 Development length

In tension
Use the following expression to calculate development length in tension, but no less than 30
cm.

in compression

development length can be calculated using the greatest of the following formula, but it shall not be
smaller than 20 cm.

ldc=(0.02fy / )db  Equation 3

ldc=(0.0003fy)db  Equation 4
Clear spacing & Covering
Joint of Beam & Column
Damage pattern
References