MOORE’S TEST

GROUP 03
GENERAL OVERVIEW

• It’s a test for the presence of reducing

sugar.
• When a solution of reducing sugar is heated
with an alkali (NaOH), it turns yellow to
orange and finally dark brown, liberating the
odor of caramel. This is due to the liberation
of aldehyde which subsequently polymerizes
to form a resinous substance, caramel.
 PRINCIPLE

• This test is based on the principle that

sugars boiled with concentrated
sodium hydroxide undergo
polymerization to form a resinous
substance, caramel.
•Principle of Fehling’s test:
Fehling’s test is one of the sensitive test for detection of
reducing sugars. Fehling’s reagents comprises of two solution
Fehling’s solution A and solution B. Fehling’s solution A is
aqueous copper sulphate and Fehling’s solution B is alkaline
sodium potassium tartarate ( Rochelle salt). Rochelle salts
(sodium potassium tartrate) present in the reagent acts as the
chelating agent in this reaction. These two solution are mixed in
equal amount before test.
•On heating an aldehyde or
reducing sugar with Fehling’s
solution give reddish brown
prepitate. Formation of red
precipitate of cuprous oxide
denotes the presence of reducing
sugar.

•Positive Fehling’s test: reddish

brown ppt ( glucose, fructose,
lactose)

•Negative Fehling’s test: No

red ppt (sucrose, starch)

            
• Tollens Reagent
• Tollens Reagent refers to the chemical reagent which is
used in the detection of an aldehyde functional group,
an aromatic aldehyde functional group, or an alpha
hydroxy ketone functional group in a given test
substance.
• The Tollens Reagent is named after Bernhard Tollens, A
German chemist who discovered this reagent and its
uses. Tollens reagent is a solution of silver nitrate
(AgNO3) and Ammonia (NH3).
When an aldehyde is introduced to the Tollens reagent, two things occur:
The aldehyde is oxidized by the Tollens reagent and forms a carboxylic acid.

follows:

          
The silver ions present in the
Tollens reagent are reduced
into metallic silver. Generally,
the Tollens Test is carried out
in clean test tubes made of
glass. This is because the
reduction of the silver ions into
metallic silver form a silver
mirror on the test tube.
• Nylander's test
• is a chemical test used for detecting the
presence of reducing sugars. Glucose or
fructose reduces bismuth oxynitrate to bismuth
under alkaline conditions. When Nylander's
reagent, which consists of bismuth nitrate,
potassium sodium tartrate and
potassium hydroxide, is added to a solution with
reducing sugars, a black precipitate of metallic
 HYDROLYSIS

• Starches are carbohydrates contain a large number of

glucose molecules that are bound together. These
simple glucose sugars can be separated from one
another using an acid like hydrochloric acid and Base
with Sodium Hydroxide
• Adding 6M HCl to the solution, placed in a water bath
to hydrolyze.
• Adding 10 drops of NaOH and a drop of
phenolphthalein which result to a pink color means that
• Adding Fehlings and Fehlings B makes
the solution produces a reddish orange
precipitate
• While blue color solution produces for
the second test tube,